Perennial vegetables: A neglected resource for biodiversity, carbon sequestration, and nutrition

Supporting information S1 Table. Cultivated perennial vegetable species of the world. An inventory of 613 cultivated perennial vegetable species with form, part used, and climate suitability. (XLSX) S2 Table. Perennial vegetable nutrition. Mata-analysis of data on nutrition of 240 annual and perennial vegetable species. (DOCX) S1 Data. Top ten species by nutrient concentration. Tables of the ten vegetable species high- est in each of the key nutrients for addressing traditional malnutrition and industrial diet defi- ciencies. (XLSX) S1 Fig. Nutritional data acquired by plant form and part used. This figure displays the num- ber of data points acquired for each nutrient, their distribution across crops by plant form and part used. Numbers in parenthesis on the vertical axis represent the number of crops in that category. Numbers in parenthesis on the horizontal axis represent the total number of data points for that nutrient. Numbers in cells show the number of data points of a given nutrient for a given category of crops. Fill color in each cell represents the proportion of crops in the given category for which data on the given nutrient is present. (TIF) Acknowledgments This research was inspired by the work of David Kennedy and Leaf for Life. Thank you to Edu- cational Concerns for Hunger Organization and the World Vegetable Centre for assistance in obtaining data. Author Contributions Conceptualization: Eric Toensmeier, Rafter Ferguson. Data curation: Eric Toensmeier. Formal analysis: Eric Toensmeier. Investigation: Eric Toensmeier.

Methodology: Eric Toensmeier, Rafter Ferguson. Project administration: Eric Toensmeier. Visualization: Rafter Ferguson, Mamta Mehra. Writing – original draft: Eric Toensmeier. Writing – review & editing: Eric Toensmeier, Rafter Ferguson, Mamta Mehra. References 1. Pimentel D, Cerasale D, Stanley R. Annual vs. perennial grain production. Agriculture, Ecosystems and Environment. 2012; 161: 1–9. 2. Seemanthani B. A study of practices and problems in the cultivation of some perennial vegetables in Madras State. South Indian Hort. 1964; 12:1–5. PLOS ONE Perennial vegetables: A neglected resource for biodiversity, carbon sequestration, and nutrition PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0234611 July 10, 2020 15 / 19