Planning priority conservation areas for biodiversity under climate change in topographically complex areas: A case study in Sichuan province, China

34. Yang J, Cai L, Liu D, Chen G, Gratzfeld J, Sun W. China’s conservation program on Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations (PSESP): Progress and perspectives. Biol Conserv, 2020. 244,108535. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108535 35. Vellend M, Geber MA. Connections between species diversity and genetic diversity. Ecol Lett., 2005; 8: 767–781. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00775.x 36. Baker B, Diaz H, Hargrove W, Hoffman F. Use of the Ko¨ ppen–Trewartha climate classification to evalu- ate climatic refugia in statistically derived ecoregions for the People’s Republic of China. Climatic Change, 2010; 98: 113. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-009-9622-2 37. Weiss A. Topographic position and landforms analysis. in Poster presentation, ESRI user conference, San Diego, CA. 2001. 38. Hui Y, Yong L, Shaoquan L, Yong W, Yong Y, Weidong L. The influences of topographic relief on spatial distribution of mountain settlements in Three Gorges Area. Environ Earth Sci., 2015; 74: 4335–4344. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-4443-2 39. Dobson AP. Conservation and biodiversity. 1996: WH Freeman and Co. 40. Desmet P, Cowling R. Using the species–area relationship to set baseline targets for conservation. Ecol Soc., 2004. https://doi.org/10.5751/es-01206-090211 41. Svenning JC, Skov F. Limited filling of the potential range in European tree species. Ecol Lett., 2004; 7 (7),565–573. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1461-0248.2004.00614.x 42. Miller KM, McGill BJ. Land use and life history limit migration capacity of eastern tree species. Global

Ecol Biogeogr., 2018; 27(1),57–67. https://doi.org/10.1111/geb.12671 43. Sittaro F, Paquette A, Messier C, Nock CA. Tree range expansion in eastern North America fails to keep pace with climate warming at northern range limits. Global Change Biol, 2017; 23: 3292–3301. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.13622 PMID: 28165187 44. Wang WJ, Thompson FR III, He HS, Fraser JS, Dijak WD, Spetich MA. Population dynamics has greater effects than climate change on tree species distribution in a temperate forest region. J. Bio- geogr., 2018; 45: 2766–2778. https://doi.org/10.1111/jbi.13467 45. Jones KR, Watson JE, Possingham HP, Klein CJ. Incorporating climate change into spatial conserva- tion prioritisation: A review. Biol Conserv., 2016; 194: 121–130. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2015. 12.008 46. Alagador D, Cerdeira JO, Arau´ jo MB. Shifting protected areas: scheduling spatial priorities under cli- mate change. J APPL ECOL, 2014. 51(3),703–713. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.12230 47. Randin CF, Engler R, Normand S, Zappa M, Zimmermann NE, Pearman PB, et al. Climate change and plant distribution: local models predict high-elevation persistence. Global Change Biol., 2009; 15: 1557–1569. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01766.x 48. Geiger R, Aron R, Todhunter P. The climate near the ground–Rowman & Littlefield Publishers. Inc., Maryland, 2003. 49. Tang CQ, Matsui T, Ohashi H, Dong YF, Momohara A, Herrando-Moraira S, et al. Identifying long-term stable refugia for relict plant species in East Asia. Nat Commun, 2018. 9(1),1–14. https://doi.org/10.

1038/s41467-017-02088-w PMID: 29317637 50. Tang CQ, Dong Y F, Herrando-Moraira S, Matsui T, Ohashi H, He LY, et al. Potential effects of climate change on geographic distribution of the Tertiary relict tree species Davidia involucrata in China. Sci Rep-UK, 2017. 7,43822. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep43822 PMID: 28272437 51. Ackerly D, Loarie S, Cornwell W, Weiss S, Hamilton H, Branciforte R, et al. The geography of climate change: implications for conservation biogeography. Divers Distrib., 2010; 16: 476–487. https://doi.org/ 10.1111/j.1472-4642.2010.00654.x 52. Anderson MG, Ferree CE. Conserving the stage: climate change and the geophysical underpinnings of species diversity. PloS One, 2010. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0011554 PMID: 20644646 53. Nuñez TA, Lawler JJ, McRae BH, Pierce DJ, Krosby MB, Kavanagh DM, et al. Connectivity planning to address climate change. Conserv Biol., 2013; 27: 407–416. https://doi.org/10.1111/cobi.12014 PMID: 23410037 54. Mathevet R, Allouche A, Nicolas L, Mitroi V, Fabricius C, Guerbois C, et al. A Conceptual Framework for Heuristic Progress in Exploring Management Regime Shifts in Biodiversity Conservation and Cli- mate Change Adaptation of Coastal Areas. Sustainability, 2018;. https://doi.org/10.3390/su10114171 55. Murdoch W, Polasky S, Wilson KA, Possingham HP, Kareiva P, Shaw R. Maximizing return on invest- ment in conservation. Biol Conserv., 2007; 139: 375–388. https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12126 PLOS ONE Planning priority conservation areas for biodiversity under climate change in topographically complex areas

PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243425 December 23, 2020 15 / 15