Educational climate of a pathology residency program at a tertiary care hospital

One-way ANOVA was conducted to identify if there were any differences between and within groups. A significant difference was observed in the LC scores across different groups, p = .016 in Table 3. Multiple comparisons. After observing the ANOVA analysis, multiple comparisons were conducted to identify where the difference was located, highlighted between 1st year of pathol- ogy and 3rd year of residency and above, and it was similarly observed between 2nd year of the pathology residency program and 3rd year of residency and above in LC scores in Table 4. Discussion EC is a crucial variable that must be monitored to guarantee the caliber of instruction in a healthcare setting that offers an EE for PGR training. Most PGRs in the pathology residency program were females (83.3%) and �30 years old; generally, numerous study participants (66.6%) were from the first and second years of the pathology residency program. Considering the subscales on the D-RECT, each may be considered a separate variable or domain for understanding purposes to discuss their unique implications. Additionally, Table 2. Descriptive of variances in EC scores across groups. Descriptive Total LC Scores N Mean Std. Deviation Std. Error 95% Confidence Interval for Mean Minimum Maximum Lower Bound Upper Bound Less than 2 6 4.59 .455 .186 4.12 5.07 4 5 Equal to 2 6 4.53 .273 .112 4.24 4.82 4 5 Greater than 2 6 4.05 .088 .036 3.95 4.14 4 4 Total 18 4.39 .385 .091 4.20 4.58 4 5 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0303534.t002

Table 3. ANOVA-variations in EC scores by groups. Total LC Scores Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig. Between Groups 1.073 2 .536 5.557 .016a Within Groups 1.448 15 .097 Total 2.521 17 aThe mean difference is significant at the level of 0.05. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0303534.t003 Table 4. Multiple comparisons. Dependent Variable: Total EC scores (I) Years (J) Years Mean Difference (I-J) Std. Error Sig. 95% Confidence Interval Lower Bound Upper Bound Less than 2 Equal to 2 .063 .179 .940 -.42 .55 Greater than 2 .547a .179 .027 .06 1.03 Equal to 2 Greater than 2 .483b .179 .052 .00 .97 aThe mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level. bThe mean difference is significant at the 0.05 level. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0303534.t004 PLOS ONE Educational climate of a pathology residency program PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0303534 May 23, 2024 4 / 10