Climate change and bird extinctions in the Amazon

conservation opportunities become limited, and natural lands are converted into agriculture and urban areas, as is the case of the BAE. Hence, we aimed to answer the following question: What are the current and future impacts of climate change and deforestation on the distribution of endemic birds in the Bele´m Area of Endemism? Material and methods Study area The study was conducted in the Bele´m Area of Endemism (BAE), located in eastern Amazonia. BAE is the smallest of all Amazonian endemism centers with an extension of approximately 243,000 km2 that borders both eastern Para´ (Tocantins River) and western Maranhão states (Pindare´ River) [27] (Fig 1). Fig 1. The Be´lem area of endemism. Information on currently forested areas is from the National Institute for Space Research of Brazil (INPE). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236103.g001 PLOS ONE Bird extinctions in the Amazon PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0236103 July 17, 2020 3 / 18