Detect coastal disturbances and climate change effects in coralligenous community through sentinel stations

114]. This method also allows for rapid data collection and permanent data record generation. The images were captured using videos rather than photographs mainly due to video’s greater speed and versatility when obtaining data [115–117]. Video was thus time-saving and conse- quently allowed for the optimisation of diving operations, which was very important given the depth at which the study was performed and the number of replicates that were monitored. Choices of high biodiversity habitats, target species, and other companion organisms In general, sublittoral marine habitats are characterised by diversity that increases with depth [66, 118, 119]. Deep communities are dominated by animals, are better structured, and exhibit Fig 8. Graphic representation of the evolution of the cover of the two main indicator species (A. calycularis and P. clavata), together with the bottom water temperature time series. The bars indicate the standard deviation. H: horizontal; V: vertical. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231641.g008 Table 1. Results of one-way repeated measures ANOVA on coverage of each species either in vertical and horizontal substrata. A. calycularis P. clavata Crambe sp. Eunicella sp. Mesophyllum sp. P. fascialis S. incrustans Source of variation df F P� F P� F P� F P� F P� F P� F P� Vertical Time+ 9 1.1592 0.335 1.6472 0.171 0.7932 0.557 0.6321 0.359 3.4742 0.018 2.7352 0.058 2.9312 0.021 Residuals 10 Mauchly’s test of sphericity p<0.001 p<0.001 p<0.05 p = 0.305 p<0.01 - -

Transformation None none none none none none none Horizontal Time+ 9 0.6711 0.277 0.5931 0.446 5.7202 0.002 1.7492 0.157 0.9101 0.006 1.0872 0.365 0.8902 0.426 Residuals 10 Mauchly’s test of sphericity p = 0.490 p = 0.052 p<0.01 p<0.001 p = 0.101 - - Transformation None none none none none none none � Greenhouse-Geisser correction was used when the sphericity condition was not verified. +Time correspond with years from 2005 to 2014. 1 Pillai´s trace. 2 Greenhouse-Geisser F. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231641.t001 PLOS ONE Detect coastal disturbances in coralligenous PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0231641 May 5, 2020 11 / 23