Analysis of bacterial biodiversity and ecological risk evaluation of organophosphorus in Lianhuan Lake

PLOS One | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0332712 September 26, 2025 15 / 20 studies, Thionazin was found to be toxic to daphnid, harmless to fish and green algae. Ethoprophos was toxic to daphnid, harmful to fish and harmless to green algae. Suprofos was highly toxic to daphnid and fish, toxic to green algae. EPN was toxic to daphnid and fish, harmless to green algae. Coumaphos was highly toxic to daphnid and toxic to fish and green algae. O,O,O-Triethylphosphorothioates was highly toxic to daphnid and harmless to fish and green algae. Mevinphos was highly toxic to fish and green algae, harmful to daphnid. Naled was toxic to daphnid and harmless to fish and green algae. Z-Tetrachlorvinphos was harmless to daphnid, fish and green algae. Prothiophos was highly toxic to daphnid and fish, toxic to green algae. In chronic toxicity studies, Thionazin was found to be highly toxic to daphnid, harmful to green algae and harmless to fish. Ethoprophos was highly toxic to fish, harmless to daphnid and green algae. Suprofos was highly toxic to daphnid and fish, harmful to green algae. EPN was toxic to daphnid and fish, harmless to green algae. Coumaphos was highly toxic to daphnid, toxic to fish, and harmful to green algae. O,O,O-Triethylphosphorothioates was highly toxic to daphnid, toxic to fish and harmful to green algae. Mevinphos was harmless to daphnid, fish and green Table 7. Organic phosphine components from Lianhuan Lake. Samples Organic Phosphonic Chemical Formula Organophosphorus Concentration(μg/L) CAS N1 Thionazin C8H13N2O3PS 0.010 297-97-2

Ethoprophos C8H19O2PS2 0.013 13194-48-4 Suprofos C12H19O2PS3 0.161 35400-43-2 EPN C14H14NO4PS 0.246 3878-45-3 Coumaphos C14H16ClO5PS 0.101 56-72-4 N3 Ethoprophos C8H19O2PS2 0.028 13194-48-4 Suprofos C12H19O2PS3 0.075 35400-43-2 W4 O,O,O-Triethylphosphorothioate C6H15O3PS 0.008 126-68-1 Mevinphos C7H13O6P 0.015 7786-34-7 Naled C4H7Br2Cl2O4P 0.021 300-76-5 Z-Tetrachlorvinphos C10H9Cl4O4P 0.043 22248-79-9 Prothiophos C11H15Cl2O2PS2 0.019 34643-46-4 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0332712.t007 Fig 6. Analysis of acute and chronic toxicity of organophosphorus. (a) The acute toxicity; (b) The chronic toxicity. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0332712.g006