Analysis of bacterial biodiversity and ecological risk evaluation of organophosphorus in Lianhuan Lake

PLOS One | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0332712 September 26, 2025 11 / 20 The study found that Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas and Mycobacterium and other potential pathogenic microorgan- isms exist in the body and sediment of the interlocking lake water. Flavobacterium is a group gram-negative bacteria and is a conditionally pathogenic bacteria, can cause pneumonia, can also incur meningitis, septicemia and other infections, the pathogenicity is not strong, generally do not cause infections, but in the body’s immunity decline may cause infections. Pseudomonas is also a gram-negative bacteria, of which Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important human and animal pathogen that is widespread in soil, water, and hospital environments, and possesses a wide range of virulence mecha- nisms capable of causing a wide range of serious infections [42,43]. Mycobacterium is a specialized group of Gram- positive bacteria, of which Mycobacterium tuberculosis is the causative agent of tuberculosis, which is primarily airborne and affects the lungs [44]. Although multiple potentially pathogenic bacteria have been detected in Lianhuan Lake, whether the concentration of these bacteria can lead to the occurrence of disease needs further study. Bacteria associated with phosphorus metabolism were found in abundance in both the water column and sediments of Lianhuan Lake, including Flavobacterium, Pseudomonas, Candoatus_ Solibacter, Massilia. The species of these micro- organisms were abundant and relatively high, probably because the Lianhuan Lake has been in a mild eutrophic state,

which promoted the phosphorus metabolic activity of the microorganisms in the lake [45]. Other scholars have also found that a large number of phosphorus metabolizing microorganisms such as Pseudomonas, Bacillus, Azotobacter, Acineto- bacter, Rhodobacter, etc. were present in the lake reservoirs [46]. Fig 3. Microbial community structure at the genus level. (abundance greater than 1%). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0332712.g003