Analysis of bacterial biodiversity and ecological risk evaluation of organophosphorus in Lianhuan Lake

PLOS One | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0332712 September 26, 2025 10 / 20 3.4 Analysis of microbial community composition The structure of the microbial community at the genus level (abundance greater than 1%) in Lianhuan Lake (Fig 3) indicated that the body and sediment of the lake water were composed of 1062 bacterial genera, including 716 bacterial genera in the water body and 994 bacterial genera in the sediment. The top five genera with high abundance in the water were Flavobacterium, Paenisporosarcina, Cyanobium_PCC-6307, hgcI_clade and Psychrobacter. The top four genera with high abundance in the sediment were norank_f__norank_o__Vicinamibacterales, norank_f__norank_o__norank_c__ KD4–96, Paenisporosarcina and norank_f__Steroidobacteraceae. The primary bacterial genera and their respective abundances in W1 were Flavobacterium (81.8%), Polaromonas (4.0%), Cyanobium_PCC-6307 (2.2%) and Pseudomonas (1.9%). W2 were Flavobacterium (49.8%), Paenisporosarcina (27.9%), Psychrobacter (6.9%) and Cyanobium_PCC-6307 (4.8%). W3 were CL500–29_marine_group (23.1%), hgcI_ clade (15.1%), Cyanobium_PCC-6307 (8.9%) and norank_f__norank_o__Chloroplast (3.6%). W4 were Flavobacterium (81.8%), Polaromonas (4.1%), Psychrobacter (2.6%) and Paenisporosarcina (2.0%). W5 were Cyanobium_PCC-6307 (39.6%), CL500–29_marine_group (17.1%), hgcI_clade (9.3%) and norank_f__norank_o__Chloroplast (1.7%). The primary bacterial genera and their respective abundances in N1 were norank_f__norank_o__Vicinamibactera-

les (6.6%), norank_f__norank_o__norank_c__KD4–96 (5.9%), norank_f__norank_o__norank_c__P9X2b3D02 (4.1%) and norank_f__Steroidobacteraceae (3.8%). N2 were Paenisporosarcina (6.3%), Clostridium_sensu_stricto_13 (3.3%), norank_f__norank_o__norank_c__KD4–96 (3.0%) and norank_f__norank_o__SBR1031 (0.27%). N3 were norank_f__ norank_o__norank_c__KD4–96 (4.2%), norank_f__Steroidobacteraceae (3.3%), norank_f__Caldilineaceae (2.8%) and norank_f__norank_o__Vicinamibacterales (2.6%). N4 were norank_f__norank_o__norank_c__KD4–96 (5.6%), norank_f__Steroidobacteraceae (3.5%), Clostridium_sensu_stricto_13 (3.2%) and Cyanobium_PCC-6307 (2.9%). N5 were norank_f__Steroidobacteraceae (5.7%), norank_f__norank_o__norank_c__KD4–96 (5.6%), Candoatus_Competibacter (4.3%) and norank_f__norank_o__1–20 (3.0%). Fig 2. Venn diagram of sample OTU distributions. (a) Sediment samples distribution; (b) Water samples distribution; (c) Water and sediment sam- ples distribution. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0332712.g002