Effect of climate change-induced water-deficit stress on long-term rice yield

and -9.3 to 8.0 kg ha-1 under the initial, crop development, reproductive, and maturity stages, respectively. Our results suggest that crop water may be a determining factor for rice growth during the developmental stage, but not during the reproductive stage. In addition, water-defi- cit stress has been increasingly affecting rice growth in recent years. To maintain high produc- tivity and quality, our results on the effect of water-deficit stress on rice grain yield should be considered along with other adaptation strategies targeting agronomic efforts and breeding technologies. Supporting information S1 File. Field experimental data. (CSV) Acknowledgments The authors wish to thank Dr. Jia-Ling Yang and other researchers in Taichung District Agri- cultural Research and Extension Station, Council of Agriculture, Taiwan who assisted in the field investigation and data collection. Author Contributions Conceptualization: Hungyen Chen. Data curation: Hungyen Chen, Yi-Chien Wu, Chia-Chi Cheng, Chih-Yung Teng. Formal analysis: Hungyen Chen. Funding acquisition: Hungyen Chen, Yi-Chien Wu. Investigation: Yi-Chien Wu. Methodology: Hungyen Chen. Project administration: Hungyen Chen. Supervision: Hungyen Chen. Validation: Hungyen Chen. Visualization: Hungyen Chen. Writing – original draft: Hungyen Chen. Writing – review & editing: Hungyen Chen. References 1. Kang Y, Khan S, Ma X. Climate change impacts on crop yield, crop water productivity and food secu- rity–A review. Prog Nat Sci. 2009; 19: 1665–1674. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pnsc.2009.08.001

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