The EuropaBON Stakeholder Dashboard: A dynamic web application to map Europe’s biodiversity community

PLOS One | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0329390 August 13, 2025 6 / 16 this variable as a proxy for the regulatory environment in which the individual operates. It serves as an indicator of exposure to, or engagement with, EU policy instruments – factors likely to shape the participant’s motivation or capacity to engage in EuropaBON activities. While we recognize the potential for reverse causality, we argue that prior exposure to EU directives is more likely to represent a pre-existing condition that influences an individual’s engagement, rather than being a direct outcome of their partici- pation. Differentiating between OECD and non-OECD countries outside Europe allowed us to account for potential differences in institutional capacity and access to biodiversity infrastructure, which may affect participation and connectedness within the network. The parameter estimates obtained from the negative binomial regression model were further utilized to compute marginal effects [29], with standard errors calculated using the Delta Method [28]. Marginal effects provide a quantitative interpretation of the model results by estimating the change in the expected value of the dependent variable associated with a one-unit increase in a specific explanatory variable, while holding all other variables constant [30]. This approach is particularly useful for understanding the prac- tical significance of the explanatory variables, as it translates negative binomial regression coefficients into more interpretable units. Results Dashboard components

All results presented in this study are based on data available as of 22 May 2024. The dynamic and interactive dashboard features multiple components that highlight institutions actively shaping the future European biodiversity monitoring system, along with their connections to key EU projects and infrastructures. The dashboard includes interactive network graphs, charts, and tables (Fig 2 shows a subset of the components). Its main feature is a network graph displaying stakeholders across three dimensions: occupational sector (academia, NGO, governmental organisation, private sector, citizen science, other), realm (terrestrial, freshwater, marine, cross-realm), and EU region (Northern Europe, Western Europe, Eastern Fig 1. Web application architecture. Modified from Velásquez-Tibatá et al. [25], PLOS ONE, Fig 3. Licensed under CC BY 4.0. Source: https://doi. org/10.1371/journal.pone.0214522.g003. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0329390.g001