Current food trade helps mitigate future climate change impacts in lower-income nations

Despite many limitations described above, our framework can assist policymakers in apprais- ing current and future trade agreements and prioritizing strategies to enhance the resilience of food systems to future disruptions. Some such strategies include incentivizing sustainable and resilient farming practices, diversifying the domestic production of macro and micronutrients, managing food reserves and building redundancy, diversifying trade portfolios, and funding adaptation programs for trading partners. Supporting information S1 Text. Decomposition analysis. (DOCX) S2 Text. Global average cross-border effect on climate impact. (DOCX) S3 Text. Multiple mega-exporters and impact. (DOCX) S4 Text. Per-crop mega-exporters. (DOCX) S5 Text. Sensitivity analysis. (DOCX) S1 Fig. Global mean annual temperatures by climate models. (TIF) S2 Fig. Graphical representation of our per crop and crop aggregated consumption impact estimates. (TIF) S3 Fig. Sensitivity to crop and climate models. (TIF) S4 Fig. Production and consumption impact maps. (TIF) S5 Fig. Mega-exporters and climate impacts. (TIF) S6 Fig. Role of mega-exporters in mediating impacts. (TIF) S7 Fig. Network visualization. (TIF) S8 Fig. Role of mega-exporters in propagating impacts from supply of wheat. (TIF) S9 Fig. Role of mega-exporters in propagating impacts from supply of maize. (TIF) S10 Fig. Role of mega-exporters in propagating impacts from supply of rice. (TIF) S11 Fig. Market and central planner view. (TIF) PLOS ONE Current food trade helps mitigate future climate change impacts in lower-income nations

PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0314722 January 3, 2025 13 / 16