Land snail biogeography and endemism in south-eastern Africa: Implications for the Maputaland-Pondoland-Albany biodiversity hotspot

Table 3. Range-restricted species endemic to centres of endemism (COEs), centres of narrow endemism (CONEs) and areas of endemism (AOEs) within the south- eastern Africa dominion (see Fig 4), also showing their nested hierarchy, verification as and areas of endemism (AOEs) and corresponding biotic elements (see text for details). COEs a CONEs d ��also verified as AOEs b �� also verified as AOEs b and supported by biotic elements c COE (no. of endemics) List of centre endemics � and, species in the same biotic element CONE (no. of endemics) List of narrow endemics Sky islands (4) Characteristic Endemics: None ��Soutpansberg (2) Kerkophorus pumilio, Ptilototheca soutpansbergensis Narrow Endemics: ��Wolkberg (2) Kerkophorus perfragilis, Sheldonia wolkbergensis Four narrow endemics restricted to the Wolkberg & Soutpansberg CONEs Additional species in the same biotic element: None ��Extended Maputaland (4) Characteristic Endemics: Chlamydephorus watsoni Middleveld (2) Sheldonia monsmaripi, Chlamydephorus bruggeni Narrow Endemics: Two narrow endemics restricted to the Northern Middleveld CONE and Microkerkus sibaya (restricted to narrow southern Maputaland) Additional species in the same biotic element (shared among the OGUs NMP, SMP, NMV & SMV): Chlamydephorus lawrencei Natalina wesseliana �� Natal (6) Characteristic Endemics: None Natal Midlands (3) Natalina inhluzana, Kerkophorus bicolor, Microkerkus burnupi Narrow Endemics Natal Coastal Belt- Ngoye (3) Kerkophorus ampliatus, K. melvilli, K. russofulgens

Six narrow endemics restricted to the Natal Midlands & Natal Coastal Belt-Ngoye CONEs Additional species in the same biotic element: None �� Extended Pondoland (7) Characteristic Endemics: No CONEs are nested within the Extended Pondoland COE Natalina beyrichi, and Kerkophorus vitalis (widespread in both OGUs of the COE) Narrow Endemics: Microkerkus pondoensis, Kerkophorus puzeyi, Kerkophorus terrestris (restricted distributions in both OGUs of the COE), Kerkophorus scrobicolus (restricted to narrow Pondoland OGU) and Sheldonia fingolandensis (restricted to narrow southern Transkei coast OGU) Additional species in the same biotic element: None �� Albany-Knysna (7) Characteristic Endemics: Knysna (4) Capitina schaerfiae, Kerkophorus knysnaensis Nata aequiplicata (narrowly endemic within the broad Knysna OGU) Afrorhytida kraussi and Sheldonia phytostylus (widespread in the broad Knysna OGU), S. aloicola and S. hudsoniae (found in both Albany and Knysna OGUs) Narrow Endemics: Chlamydephorus parva restricted to Albany and four species narrowly endemic within the broad Knysna OGU. Additional species in the same biotic element (shared among the OGUs ACB, KNY, SNB & LKR): Nata watsoni Prestonella bowkeri S. natalensis S. trotteriana a Districts defined from the UPGMA dendrogram (Fig 2A) with four or more endemic species. b Geographically contiguous clusters of operational geographic units (OGUs), or individual OGUs in the PAE area cladogram (Fig 4A) with at least two endemic species. c Biotic elements found by PRABCLUS (Fig 6B).

d Individual OGUs or geographically narrow clusters of OGUs defined by a higher similarity than districts form the UPGMA dendrogram (Fig 2A), harbouring at least two narrow endemic species. � Characteristic endemics: species occupying more than two-thirds of OGUs in the centre, and/or distributed over a half of the extent of the centre, hence whose range edges roughly coincide with the boundary of the centre; Narrow endemics: species restricted within a single OGU, a CONE or less than half the range of a COE; Additional species in the same biotic element: Species shared among other OGUs indicated for the corresponding biotic element(s) as given in Fig 6. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248040.t003 PLOS ONE Land snail endemism in the Maputaland-Pondoland-Albany biodiversity hotspot PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248040 March 4, 2021 15 / 26