Land snail biogeography and endemism in south-eastern Africa: Implications for the Maputaland-Pondoland-Albany biodiversity hotspot

the phenetic clustering. The remaining two biotic elements are supporting another argument we propose later in the present study, i.e. the identification of Knysna as a transitional OGU between the greater MPA region and the greater CFR (already recognised for plants by Born et al. [70]) in land snail biogeography (Fig 6B). Therefore, our COEs for land snails in south-eastern Africa derived from the phenetic clus- ter dendrogram are supported by both PAE and BEA. The characteristic and narrow endemic Table 2. (Continued) Family Species Endemic to MPA- hotspot MPA-Knysna province Greater MPA region of land snail endemism South-eastern Africa dominion The study area Urocyclidae Kerkophorus scrobicolus NE p p p p p Urocyclidae Kerkophorus terrestris NE p p p p p Urocyclidae Kerkophorus vandenbroeckii NE p p p Urocyclidae Kerkophorus vitalis p p p p p Urocyclidae Kerkophorus zonamydrus p p p p Urocyclidae Microkerkus arnotti p Urocyclidae Microkerkus burnupi NE p p p p Urocyclidae Microkerkus chrysoprasinus p p p Urocyclidae Microkerkus fuscicolor p p Urocyclidae Microkerkus leucospira p p p p p Urocyclidae Microkerkus maseruensis NE p p p Urocyclidae Microkerkus pondoensis NE p p p p p Urocyclidae Microkerkus sibaya NE p p p p p Urocyclidae Microkerkus symmetricus p p Urocyclidae Microkerkus transvaalensis p p p Urocyclidae Ptilototheca soutpansbergensis NE p p p Urocyclidae Selatodryas luteosoma- roseosoma NE p p p p Urocyclidae Sheldonia aloicola p p p p p Urocyclidae Sheldonia asthenes p p p

Urocyclidae Sheldonia caledonensis p Urocyclidae Sheldonia capsula p Urocyclidae Sheldonia cotyledonis p Urocyclidae Sheldonia crawfordi p p p Urocyclidae Sheldonia fingolandensis NE p p p p p Urocyclidae Sheldonia hudsoniae p p p p Urocyclidae Sheldonia monsmaripi NE p p p p p Urocyclidae Sheldonia natalensis p p p p Urocyclidae Sheldonia phytostylus p p p p Urocyclidae Sheldonia trotteriana p p Urocyclidae Sheldonia wolkbergensis NE p p p Total endemics 30 37 57 63 72 Total species 53 60 69 70 73 Species endemicity (%) 56.6 61.7 82.6 90.0 98.6 Species endemicity is given for each geographical entity. NE denotes species considered as narrow endemics within the SEA dominion (see text for criteria). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248040.t002 PLOS ONE Land snail endemism in the Maputaland-Pondoland-Albany biodiversity hotspot PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248040 March 4, 2021 10 / 26