Acoustic approach as an alternative to human-based survey in bird biodiversity monitoring in agricultural meadows

Table 2. Results of Wilcoxon two-related samples tests examining differences in detection rate of the most common bird species by recorders and observers survey- ing birds within 50 m (Obs. 50 m), 100 m (Obs. 100 m) and unlimited radius (Obs. unlimited). Species (English name) Species (Latin name) N Obs. 50 m Obs. 100 m Obs. unlimited Eurasian skylark Alauda arvensis 132 # # $ Yellowhammer Emberiza citrinella 101 # # $ Common quail Coturnix coturnix 88 # # $ Common wood pigeon Columba palumbus 86 # $ " Common starling Sturnus vulgaris 82 $ " " Common cuckoo Cuculus canorus 78 # # " Chaffinch Fringilla coelebs 76 # # $ Common crane Grus grus 74 # # " Western jackdaw Coloeus monedula 68 # $ $ Common whitethroat Curruca communis 65 # $ $ Common blackbird Turdus merula 62 # # " Eurasian blackcap Sylvia atricapilla 61 # # $ Common reed bunting Emberiza schoeniclus 59 $ $ " Sedge warbler Acrocephalus schoenobaenus 57 # # $ Hooded crow Corvus cornix 54 # # " Barn swallow Hirundo rustica 50 $ " " Thrush nightingale Luscinia luscinia 49 # # $ Golden oriole Oriolus oriolus 48 # # $ Common pheasant Phasianus colchicus 48 # # $ Whinchat Saxicola rubetra 46 # " " White stork Ciconia ciconia 45 $ $ " Meadow pipit Anthus pratensis 39 # $ " Song thrush Turdus philomelos 38 # # $ Willow warbler Phylloscopus trochilus 37 # # $ Black-headed gull Chroicocephalus ridibundus 35 # $ # Common raven Corvus corax 34 # # " Fieldfare Turdus pilaris 33 # $ $

Common buzzard Buteo buteo 33 # $ " Grasshopper warbler Locustella naevia 31 # # $ Red-backed shrike Lanius collurio 31 $ $ " Northern lapwing Vanellus vanellus 31 # $ " Common snipe Gallinago gallinago 30 # $ " Eurasian magpie Pica pica 27 # # $ Great tit Parus major 25 # $ $ Western yellow wagtail Motacilla flava 24 # $ $ Common chiffchaff Phylloscopus collybita 24 # # $ Common rosefinch Carpodacus erythrinus 24 # # $ European goldfinch Carduelis carduelis 23 # $ $ Eurasian hoopoe Upupa epops 23 $ # " Mallard Anas platyrhynchos 22 $ $ " Great reed warbler Acrocephalus arundinaceus 21 # # $ Marsh warbler Acrocephalus palustris 21 $ $ " Eurasian collared dove Streptopelia decaocto 18 # # $ Sand martin Riparia riparia 18 $ $ $ Western marsh harrier Circus aeruginosus 16 $ $ " Corn bunting Emberiza calandra 16 # $ $ (Continued) PLOS ONE Acoustic bird biodiversity monitoring in agricultural meadows PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266557 April 8, 2022 9 / 16