Biodiversity patterns of epipelagic copepods in the South Pacific Ocean: Strengths and limitations of current data bases

87. Le Borgne R, Rodier M. Net zooplankton and the biological pump: A comparison between the oligotro- phic and mesotrophic equatorial Pacific. Deep Res Part II Top Stud Oceanogr. 1997; 44: 2003–2023. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0645(97)00034-9 88. Le Borgne R, Champalbert G, Gaudy R. Mesozooplankton biomass and composition in the equatorial Pacific along 180. J Geophys Res Ocean. 2003; 108: 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1029/2000jc000745 89. Dai L, Li C, Yang G, Sun X. Zooplankton abundance, biovolume and size spectra at western boundary currents in the subtropical North Pacific during winter 2012. J Mar Syst. 2016; 155: 73–83. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2015.11.004 90. Ferna´ndez-A´ lamo MA, Fa¨ rber-Lorda J. Zooplankton and the oceanography of the eastern tropical Pacific: A review. Prog Oceanogr. 2006; 69: 318–359. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pocean.2006.03.003 91. Pennington JT, Mahoney KL, Kuwahara VS, Kolber DD, Calienes R, Chavez FP. Primary production in the eastern tropical Pacific: A review. Prog Oceanogr. 2006; 69: 285–317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. pocean.2006.03.012 92. Dunstan PK, Hayes D, Woolley S, Allain V, Leduc D, Flynn A, et al. Bioregions of the South West Pacific Ocean. 2018. Available: https://rmi-data.sprep.org/system/files/Preliminary-worskop-report- Pacific_v2_1.pdf 93. Hidalgo P, Escribano R, Vergara O, Jorquera E, Donoso K, Mendoza P. Patterns of copepod diversity in the Chilean coastal upwelling system. Deep Res Part II. 2010; 57: 2089–2097. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.dsr2.2010.09.012

94. Dolan JR, Leme´ e R, Gasparini S, Mousseau L, Heyndrickx C. Probing diversity in the plankton: using patterns in Tintinnids (planktonic marine ciliates) to identify mechanisms. Hydrobiologia. 2006; 555: 143–157. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-005-1112-6 95. Rutherford S, Hondt SD, Prell W. Environmental controls on the geographic distribution of zooplankton diversity. Nature. 1999; 400: 749–753. 96. Worm B, Sandow M, Oschlies A, Lotze HK, Myers RA. Global patterns of predator diversity in the open oceans. Science (80-). 2005; 309: 1365–1369. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1113399 PMID: 16051749 97. McGowan JA, Walker PW. Structure in the Copepod Community of the North Pacific Central Gyre. Ecol Monogr. 1979; 49: 195–226. Available: http://www.jstor.org/stable/1942513 98. Vereshchaka A, Abyzova G, Lunina A, Musaeva E. The deep-sea zooplankton of the North, Central, and South Atlantic: Biomass, abundance, diversity. Deep Res Part II Top Stud Oceanogr. 2017; 137: 89–101. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2016.06.017 99. Rivera R, Escribano R, Gonza´lez CE, Pe´rez-Arago´n M. Modeling present and future distribution of plankton populations in a coastal upwelling zone: the copepod Calanus chilensis as a study case. Sci Rep. 2023; 13. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-29541-9 PMID: 36823290 100. Rigby S, Milsom C. Benthic origins of zooplankton: An environmentally determined macroevolutionary effect. Geology. 1996; 24: 52–54. https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1996)024<0052:BOOZAE>2.3. CO;2

101. Bradford-Grieve JM. Colonization of the pelagic realm by calanoid copepods. Hydrobiologia. 2002; 485: 223–244. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1021373412738 102. Braga E, Zardoya R, Meyer A, Yen J. Mitochondrial and nuclear rRNA based copepod phylogeny with emphasis on the Euchaetidae (Calanoida). Mar Biol. 1999; 133: 79–90. https://doi.org/10.1007/ s002270050445 103. Dormann CF, Elith J, Bacher S, Buchmann C, Carl G, Carre´ G, et al. Collinearity: A review of methods to deal with it and a simulation study evaluating their performance. Ecography (Cop). 2013; 36: 27–46. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0587.2012.07348.x 104. Sverdrup HU, Johnson MW, Fleming RH. Dissolved Gases in Sea Water. Chapter VI: Chemistry of Sea Water. The Oceans: Their Physics, Chemistry, and General Biology. New York: Prentice-Hall, Inc.; 1942. pp. 186–191. Available: https://publishing.cdlib.org/ucpressebooks/view?docId= kt167nb66r;brand=eschol 105. White JR, Zhang X, Welling LA, Roman MR, Dam HG. Latitudinal gradients in zooplankton biomass in the tropical Pacific at 140˚W during the JGOFS EqPac study: Effects of El Niño. Deep Res Part II. 1995; 42: 715–733. https://doi.org/10.1016/0967-0645(95)00033-M 106. Forster J, Hirst AG, Atkinson D. Warming-induced reductions in body size are greater in aquatic than terrestrial species. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012; 109: 19310–19314. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas. 1210460109 PMID: 23129645 107. Roman MR, Pierson JJ. Interactive Effects of Increasing Temperature and Decreasing Oxygen on

Coastal Copepods. Biol Bull. 2022; 000–000. https://doi.org/10.1086/722111 PMID: 36548979 PLOS ONE Biodiversity of copepods in the South Pacific PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0306440 July 11, 2024 26 / 28