Biodiversity patterns of epipelagic copepods in the South Pacific Ocean: Strengths and limitations of current data bases

S3 Fig. Spearman correlation matrices of environmental variables used in GAM models for (a) alfa diversity and (b) beta diversity. Positive correlations are displayed in red and negative correlations in blue color. Color intensity is proportional to the correlation coefficients. In the right side of the correlogram, the legend color shows the correlation coefficients and the corre- sponding colors. Their acronyms are: Tmean = mean temperature, Tstab = temperature stabil- ity, Tsd = standard deviation of temperature, S = salinity, Chla = chlorophyll-a concentration, O2 = dissolved oxygen concentration, MLD = mixed layer depth. (JPG) S4 Fig. Correlation between observed and predicted species richness. Pearson’s r coefficient: 0.77 (p-value<0.01). Negative residuals (below the reference line) indicate knowledge short- falls, whereas positive residuals (above the reference line) indicate underestimated species rich- ness. (JPG) S5 Fig. Correlation between observed and predicted species composition. Pearson’s r coeffi- cient: 0.84 (p-value<0.01). Negative residuals (below the reference line) indicate knowledge shortfalls, whereas positive residuals (above the reference line) indicate underestimated species composition. (JPG) S6 Fig. Redundancy index obtained for the western and eastern side of the SPO. Values close to 1 indicate good sampling, whereas values close to 0 indicate poor sampling. Transpar- ent squares are the 1˚ sampled cells used for Kriging interpolation, whereas the grey dotted

line delimits the South Pacific Ocean. Map projection is WGS 84/PDC Mercator (EPSG 3832). (JPG) S1 Table. Dominant copepod species in terms of occurrence for the main surface current systems of the South Pacific Ocean. CHC = Cape Horn Current; EAC = East Australian Cur- rent; HCS = Humboldt Current System; SEC = South Equatorial Current; SPSG = South Pacific Subtropical Gyre; WWD = West Wind Drift. (DOCX) S2 Table. Dominant copepod species of the South Pacific Ocean in terms of occurrence for all ranges values of beta diversity and its components turnover and nestedness. (DOCX) Acknowledgments We are grateful to all the scientific community providing data on marine biodiversity to OBIS portal, and special thanks to ESPOBIS, the Eastern South Pacific Node of OBIS. Two anony- mous reviewers greatly helped to improve our work. Author Contributions Conceptualization: Manuela Pe´rez-Arago´n, Ruben Escribano, Reinaldo Rivera. Data curation: Reinaldo Rivera, Pamela Hidalgo. Formal analysis: Manuela Pe´rez-Arago´n. Funding acquisition: Ruben Escribano. Investigation: Manuela Pe´rez-Arago´n, Ruben Escribano, Reinaldo Rivera, Pamela Hidalgo. PLOS ONE Biodiversity of copepods in the South Pacific PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0306440 July 11, 2024 21 / 28