Biodiversity patterns of epipelagic copepods in the South Pacific Ocean: Strengths and limitations of current data bases

circulation along the Sub-Tropical Front associated with the West Wind Drift, that streams equatorward of the Subantarctic Front associated with the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) [79, 80] and intersects the South American continent at ~45˚S, where the Cape Horn Current and Humboldt Current System begin towards the south and the north, respectively [81, 82]. The latter is the largest of the four main Eastern Boundary Upwelling Systems—as the other three are embedded in the California, Canary, and Benguela Currents [83]—and is shaped by a broad current of fresh, cooler Sub-Antarctic Surface Water along the eastern rim of the subtropical gyre [81], extending from southern Chile (~45˚S) to northern Peru and Fig 6. (a) Mean species composition and its components (b) turnover and (c) nestedness for Copepoda in the 0–200 m layer of the western and eastern sides of the SPO. Transparent squares are the 1˚ sampled cells used for Kriging interpolation, whereas the grey dotted line delimits the South Pacific Ocean. Map projection is WGS 84/PDC Mercator (EPSG 3832). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0306440.g006 PLOS ONE Biodiversity of copepods in the South Pacific PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0306440 July 11, 2024 13 / 28