Shifts in bird ranges and conservation priorities in China under climate change

However, an obvious characteristic of the priorities we identified in eastern China is inten- sive human development. Establishing official and sizable protected areas may become diffi- cult. It is necessary to consider the restoration of species habitats and connectivity even in urban parks and greening zones, as well as land-sharing strategies to accommodate biodiver- sity in farmlands [39], in order to reach the more ambitious conservation targets. A new “inclusive” conservation model, including an eco-friendly lifestyle, would be an eventual solu- tion. Citizen awareness and choices will be critical in this approach, and indigenous knowledge may result in high value being given to preserving biodiversity [34]. In this study, a comprehensive analysis based on point data of bird distributions is per- formed; notably, this analysis is the first of its kind in China. Additionally, our bird data were only collected in China, which limited our analysis to potential changes in bird movements across the boundaries of China, especially from Southeast Asia and Central Asia. Moreover, with the expansion of bird watching and the increase in data size and quality, we hope that periodic assessments such as the analysis in this study will be continuously updated to address the challenges associated with rapid changes in biodiversity, and to provide available distribu- tion data for government agencies and researchers. Supporting information S1 Fig. Richness maps for each RCP based on breeding & resident ranges. A-C are the

breeding range pattern of 211 migratory species (A: current, B: RCP 2.6, C: RCP 8.5); D-F are the richness pattern of “breeding range of migratory species plus range of resident species” group (D: current, E: RCP 2.6, F: RCP 8.5); G-H show the richness change under RCP 2.6 (G) and RCP 8.5 (H). The boundaries are reprinted from Shan Shui Conservation Center under a CC BY 4.0 license, with permission from Xiangying Shi, original copyright 2020. (TIF) S2 Fig. Range change maps for the top 10 species with the highest range loss/expansion for each RCP. The boundaries are reprinted from Shan Shui Conservation Center under a CC BY 4.0 license, with permission from Xiangying Shi, original copyright 2020. (TIF) S3 Fig. Richness maps for each RCP. The boundaries are reprinted from Shan Shui Conser- vation Center under a CC BY 4.0 license, with permission from Xiangying Shi, original copy- right 2020. (TIF) S1 Table. Checklist, number of localities, distribution range, MaxEnt results, latitude shift data, and weight value used in Zonation of study bird species. (XLSX) S2 Table. Checklist, number of localities, distribution range, and MaxEnt results of breed- ing range modelling. (XLSX) S1 Video. 3D model. 3D scene models of the vertical structure changes of the richness pattern for different RCPs. The model is shown as a mp4 video file. (MP4) S1 File. Additional methods and results. Methods and results for modelling breeding range of migratory species. (DOCX) PLOS ONE Bird range changes call for innovative conservation in China

PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0240225 October 8, 2020 15 / 20