Research on climate change based on carbonate porosity analysis in Jinping, China

mate change over carbonate and non-carbonate areas in the karst region of South-west China.J. of Hydrology, 604, 127231. 9. Huisheng Yu, Jun Yang, Dongqi Sun, et al. 2022: Spatial Responses of Ecosystem Service Value dur- ing the Development of Urban Agglomerations. Land, 11(2), 1–12. 10. Jiayi Ren, Jun Yang, Yuqing Zhang, et al. 2022: Exploring thermal comfort of urban buildings based on local climate zones. Journal of Cleaner Production, 340, 130744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jclepro.2022. 130744 11. Jun Yang, Yichen Wang, Chunliang Xiu, et al. 2020: Optimizing local climate zones to mitigate urban heat island effect in human settlements. Journal of Cleaner Production, 275, 123767. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.123767 12. Jun Yang, Yichen Wang, Bing Xue, et al. 2021: Contribution of urban ventilation to the thermal environ- ment and urban energy demand: Different climate background perspectives. Science of The Total Envi- ronment, 795, 148791. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.148791 13. Zhang Dahao, Zhou Chunshan, Zhou Yi, et al. 2022: Spatiotemporal relationship characteristic of cli- mate comfort of urban human settlement environment and population density in China. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 10, 953725. https://doi.org/10.3389/fevo.2022.953725 14. Zhou Chunshan, Zhang Dahao, Cao Yongwang, et al. 2022: Spatio–temporal evolution and factors of climate comfort for urban human settlements in the Guangdong–Hong Kong–Macau Greater Bay Area. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution, 10, 1001064.

15. Meiliang Zhang, et al. 2009: The record of paleoclimatic change and the termination of the last intergla- cial period from a stalagmite of Qingxin cave in South Guizhou. Acta sedimentologica sinica, 21(3), 473–481. 16. Zhou Jianchao, Qin Jungan, Zhang Qiang, et al. 2015: Vegetation, climate and depositional environ- ment changes since the middle Holocene in the karst area of Guilin, Guangxi. Chinese science bulletin, 60(13), 1197–1206. https://doi.org/10.1360/N972014-00744 17. Li Yan, 2019: Influence of global warming climate on the natural distribution of Karst vegetation land- scape in Guangxi. Bulletin of science and technology, 35(2), 37–41. 18. Wang Zhaobo, Bai Weiming, LI Baojie, 2021: Discovery of glaciokarst in middle Shandong Province and its climatic significance. Marine geology & quaternary geology, 41(2), 201–209. 19. Wang Ling, Liu Hailong, 2007: Impacts of climate change on vegetation in Chongqing karst region. Jour- nal of meteorology and environment, 23(1), 6–11. PLOS ONE Research on climate change based on carbonate porosity analysis in Jinping PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281630 March 30, 2023 18 / 21

20. Baker A, Hellstrom JC, Kelly B, et al. 2015: A composite annual-resolution stalagmite record of North Atlantic climate over the last three millennia. Sci Rep, 5, 10307. https://doi.org/10.1038/srep10307 PMID: 26068805 21. Genty D, Blamart D, Ouahdi R, et al. 2003: Precise dating of Dansgaard–Oeschger climate oscillations in western Europe from stalagmite data. Nature, 421, 833–837. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01391 PMID: 12594510 22. Stahlschmidt M.C, Collin T.C., Fernandes D.M, et al. 2019: Ancient Mammalian and Plant DNA from Late Quaternary Stalagmite Layers at Solkota Cave, Georgia. Sci Rep, 9, 6628. https://doi.org/10. 1038/s41598-019-43147-0 PMID: 31036834 23. Faraji M, Borsato A, Frisia S, et al. 2021: Accurate dating of stalagmites from low seasonal contrast tropical Pacific climate using Sr 2D maps, fabrics and annual hydrological cycles. Sci Rep, 11, 2178. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-81941-x PMID: 33500530 24. Pausata F, Battisti D, Nisancioglu K, et al. 2011: Chinese stalagmite δ18O controlled by changes in the Indian monsoon during a simulated Heinrich event. Nature Geosci, 4, 474–480. https://doi.org/10. 1038/ngeo1169 25. Qin X, Liu D, Ming T, et al. 1998: Grey characteristics of microbanding of stalagmite in Shihua Cave, Beijing and its climatic signification(I). Science in China, 41(2), 151–157. https://doi.org/10.1007/ BF02932434 26. Honghai Kuang, Xi Ye, ZY Qing, 2022: Porosity of the porous carbonate rocks in the Jingfengqiao–Bai- diao area based on finite automata. R. Soc. Open Sci., 9, 211844. https://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.211844

27. Xuemei S, Jinmei F, 1999: Past climate on west Sichuan plateau as reconstructed from ring-widths of dragon spruce. Quaternary Sciences, 19(1), 81–89. 28. Jin Xiang, Xu Qing, Liu Shirong, et al. 2014: Relationships of stable carbon isotope of Abies faxoniana tree-rings to climate in sub-alpine forest in Western Sichuan. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 34(7), 1831–1840. 29. Peng Jian-Feng, Gou Xiao-Hua, Chen Fa-Hu, et al. 2007: Characteristics of ring-width chronologies of Picea crassifolia and their responses to climate at different elevations in the Anyemaqen Mountains. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 27(8), 3268–3276. 30. Cheng Jian-wu, Gong Hui-ling, Guo Xue-lian, 2010: Pollen records reflecting paleoclimate change since Late-pleistocene in the Terraces I-III of Anning river in western Sichuan province. Northwestern Seismological Journal, 32(4), 349–356. 31. Huang sh, 2005: A study of holocene sporopollen sssemblage and its environment significance in the zhangde basin, yidun, West Sichuan. Acta Geologica Sichuan, 24(2), 69–72. 32. Mou Chuan-Long, Ge Xiang-Ying, Yu Qian, et al. 2019: Palaeoclimatology and provenance of black shales from Wufeng-Longmaxi Formations in southwestern Sichuan Province: From geochemical rec- ords of Well Xindi-2. Journal of Palaeogeography, 21(5), 835–854. 33. Wang Shu-bing, Jiang Fu-chu, Tian Guo-qiang, 2006: Loess stratigraphy and environment records in Lixian county, Sichuan province. Marine geology & quaternary geology, 26(3), 115–119. 34. Yang WG, Zhu LD, Luo H, et al. 2011: Stratigraphy of zhangla loess in western sichuan plateau and its

paleoclimatic change record. Geology and Mineral Resources of South China, 27(3), 231–237. 35. Xu Liu-bing, Zhou Shang-zhe, 2007: River Terraces in the Shuoqu River and Their Response to Moun- tain Uplift and Climate Changes in Western Sichuan Province. Journal of glaciology and geocryology, 29(4), 603–612. 36. Chen li-qing, Yu hai-qing, Yang xu, et al. 2012: Cryptomeria Fortune Tree-ring Width Index with Responses to Climate Change in the Southwestern of Sichuan. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural Univer- sity, 30(3), 293–299. 37. Tai Zi-Han, Xiang Fang, Chen Zhuo-Hua, et al. 2021: Early Paleogene climatic features in Emei area, western Sichuan: evidence from geochemistry and magnetic susceptibility in the lower part of the Min- gshan Formation. Journal of Palaeogeography, 23(3), 555–564. 38. Zhang Hong-jiao, 2014: A Study on the Characteristics of Climate Change on Northwestern Sichuan Plateau. Journal of Southwest University (Natural Science), 12, 148–156. 39. Qiao yansong, Zhao zhizhong, Wang yan, et al. 2009: Variations of geochemical compositions and the paleoclimatic significance of loess-soil sequence from Ganzi county of western Sichuan province, china. Chinese SCI Bull, 54, 4697–4703. 40. Qiao Yansong, Zhao Zhizhong, Wang Yan, et al. 2006: Magnetostratigraphy and its paleoclimatic signif- icance of a loess-soil sequence from Ganzi area, west sichuan plateau. Quaternary sciences, 26(2), 250–256. 41. Chen shiyue, Fang xiaomin, Wang sumin, 2002: Relation between the loess stratigraphy on the eastern

tibetan plateau and indian monsoon. Marine geology & quaternary geology, 22(3), 41–46. PLOS ONE Research on climate change based on carbonate porosity analysis in Jinping PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281630 March 30, 2023 19 / 21

42. weiming Liu, Yang shengli, Fang xiaomin, 2013: Loess recorded climatic change during the last glacia- tions on the eastern Tibetan plateau, western Sichuan. Journal of Jilin university(earth science edition), 43(3), 974–982. 43. Liu helin, Li chengbiao, Chen leyao, 2004: Researches on combinative characteristics of spore-pollens and analysis of ancient climate in small lake since 16 thousand years ago. journal of sichuan forestry science and technology, 25(2), 5–9. 44. Yuan hai-jun, Zhao bing, 2012: Geochemical and palaeoclimatic approaches to the cretaceous mud- stones in the ya’an-mingshan zone, western sichuan. Sedimentary Geology and Tethyan Geology, 32 (1), 78–83. 45. Tang qianyu, Zhang wei, Liu liang, 2021: Glacier scale and paleoclimate reconstruction since Penulti- mate Glaciation in the Qingshui Valley, Luoji Mountain, western Sichuan. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology, 43(6), 1869–1877. 46. Xiao xiayun, Shen Ji, Xiao Haifeng, et al. 2006: Pollen records and vegetation and climate changes in Heqing Basin, Yunnan Province since middle Pleistocene. journal of lake sciences, 18(4), 369–376. https://doi.org/10.18307/2006.0408 47. Wei yongfeng, Luo senglin, Yang mingwen, 2005: An Analysis for Sedimentary System, Evolution, and Paleoclimate in the Litang Basin in West Sichuan in Quaternary. acta geologica sichuan, 24(4), 194– 197. 48. Ma Xingyue, Lu¨ Bin, Zhao Guoyong, 2019: magnetic properties and their influence factors of lixian loess in western sichuan plateau. Quaternary Sciences, 39(5), 1307–1319.

49. Xiao Sheng, Xiao Chuantao, Liang Wenjun, 2015: Carbon and oxygen isotope composition of carbona- tic rock from the Middle Permian-Lower Triassic in Chuanxi area. Science & Technology Review, 33 (22), 19–26. 50. Suo Dehao, 2018: A Preliminary Study on the Climate of Sichuan in the Han Dynasties. Journal of Leshan Teachers College, 33(2), 71–76. 51. Wang Shubing, Jiang Fuchu, Tian Guoqiang, et al. 2005: The Jinchuan Loess Stratigraphy in Western Sichuan Plateau. acta geoscientica sinica, 26(4), 355–358. 52. Chen Zixuan, Yang Junhuai, Wang Shuyuan, et al. 2021: Recent Research Advances in Loess—Paleo- sol Environmental Magnetism in Western Sichuan Plateau, China. Mountain Research, 39(6), 806– 820. 53. Liu hongbin, Wu xiangding, Shao Xuemei, 1996: A preliminary study on climate change research during historical time using image analysis of tree ring in kangding area, Sichuan province. Geographical research, 15(2), 44–51. 54. Tan Yuan-long, Qiao Yan-song, Zhao Zhi-zhong, et al. 2013: Chemical weathering characteristics and paleoclimatic significance of the eolian deposits in chengdu plain. Journal of Geomechanics, 19(1), 26– 34. 55. Chui zhiqiang, Liu dengzhong, Meng qingmin, et al. 2009: The origin of the Pleistocene gravel in west- ern Sichuan depression. geology in china, 36(5), 1065–1078. 56. Zhang Yu-fen, Li Chang-an, Xiong De-qiang, 2013: Oxide geochemical characteristics and paleocli- mate records of “Wushan loess”. Geology in China, 40(1), 352–360. 57. Liu Junlong, Yang Keming, Ji Youliang, et al. 2015: Sedimentary characteristics and sand-body super-

posed patterns of flood-overlake deposits of the Upper Jurassic in Chuanxi Depression. Journal of Palaeogeography, 17(4), 503–516. 58. Zhang Biao, Wang Zhong-jiao, Shi Zhi-qiang, et al. 2013: Discovery and geological significance of unconformity surface between Upper Triassic Ma’antang Formation and Xiaotangzi Formation in Han- wang of Mianzhu in Northwest Sichuan, China. Science & Technology Edition, 40(1), 80–88. 59. Liu Jin-hua, Zhang Shi-qi, Zhang Peng-fei, et al. 2005: On the Lithogeochemical Features of the Upper Triassic Sequence Strata in West Sichuan. acta geologica sichuan, 25(4), 198–201. 60. Li Zheng, Xu Zhengqi, Zhang Chengjiang, 2014: Characteristics and Significance of Major Elements in the Leikoupo Formation, West Sichuan Depression. Metal Mine, 2, 105–107. 61. Qiu Xiao, Tu Guoxiang, Li Ming, et al. 2020: Sedimentary Characteristics and Evolution of the Stratified Gravel Deposits in the Jiuxiang Area of Hanyuan, China. Mountain Research, 38(5), 647–657. 62. Xiao Ping, Liu Jing, Wang Wei, et al. 2015: The evoluiton of fluvial geomorphology of mangkang area (southeastern tibetan plateau) recorded by apatite u-th/he thermochronology. Quaternary Sciences, 35 (2), 433–444. 63. shugui Hou, 2004: The Effect of Post-depositional Process on the Chemical Profilesof Snow Pits in the Percolation Zone. Journal of glaciology and geocryology, 23(2), 185–188. PLOS ONE Research on climate change based on carbonate porosity analysis in Jinping PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281630 March 30, 2023 20 / 21

64. Jin Xin, Ji Guo-feng, Shi Zhi-qiang, et al. 2015: The Sedimentary Microfacies of the Guanyinya Section in Hanwang, Mianzhu, Sichuan: Implications for the Environment Evolution before and after the Triassic Carnian Humid Event. Bulletin of Mineralogy, Petrology and Geochemistry, 34(6), 1173–1182. 65. Wang Lansheng, Wang Xiaoqun, Xu Xiangning, 2007: What happened on the upstream of Minjiang River in Sichuan Province 20 000 years ago. Earth science frontiers, 14(4), 189–196. 66. Gu ZhiXiang, He YouBin, Peng YongMin, et al. 2019: “Multiple-lagoon”Sedimentary Model of the Lower Cambrian Gypsum-salt Rocks in the Sichuan Basin. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 14(4), 834–836. 67. Ding Tiping, Gao Jianfei, Shi Guoyu, et al. 2013: The Contents and Mineral and Chemical Compositions of Suspended Particulate Materials in the Yangtze River, and Their Geological and Environmental Impli- cations. Acta Geologica Sinica, 87(5), 634–660. 68. Li yong, Cao shuyou, Zhou rongjun, et al. 2005: Late Cenozoic Minjiang Incision Rate and Its Constraint on the Uplift of the Eastern Margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Acta Geologica Sinica, 79(1), 28–37. 69. Shi Zhiqiang, Yi Haisheng, Zeng Deyong, et al. 2010: The Lowest Member of Lower Triassic Feixian- guan Formation in Upper Yangtze Region: Sedimentary Records from Sluggish Water to Turbulent Ocean after the Mass Extinction. Geological review, 56(6), 769–780. 70. Huang Jianguo, Chen Tingfang, Liu Suihai, et al. 2017: Characteristics of biological limestone at the top

the Suining Formation (Lower Jurassic) in Western Sichuan Depression. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 32(5), 912–920. 77. Xiong Lianqiao, Yao Genshun, Shen Anjiang, et al. 2017: A View of the Sedimentary Facies of Middle Devonian Guanwushan Formation in Northwestern Sichuan Basin, China: A Case Study of Damuya&- Hejialiang Sections. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 22(3), 1–11. 78. liangguo Wang, Yu fulin, Deng kangning, et al. 2004: The sedimentary environment of Jurassic depres- sion in the west of Sichuan. Petroleum geology and recovery efficiency, 8(6), 13–16. 79. Tan Ming, 2005: Significant issues of stalagmite layer-climatology. Quaternary sciences, 25(2), 164– 169. PLOS ONE Research on climate change based on carbonate porosity analysis in Jinping PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0281630 March 30, 2023 21 / 21