Grazing and light modify Silene latifolia responses to nutrients and future climate

36. Strauss SY, Agrawal AA. The ecology and evolution of plant tolerance to herbivory. Trends in Ecology and Evolution. 1999; 14(5):179–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0169-5347(98)01576-6 PMID: 10322530 37. McNaughton SJ. Compensatory plant-growth as a response to herbivory. Oikos. 1983; 40(3):329–36. 38. Hamann E, Blevins C, Franks SJ, Jameel MI, Anderson JT. Climate change alters plant-herbivore interactions. New Phytologist. 2021; 229(4):1894–910. https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.17036 PMID: 33111316 39. Luo Y. Terrestrial Carbon–Cycle Feedback to Climate Warming. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics. 2007; 38(1):683–712. 40. Beniston M, Stephenson DB, Christensen OB, Ferro CAT, Frei C, Goyette S, et al. Future extreme events in European climate: an exploration of regional climate model projections. Climatic Change. 2007; 81(S1):71–95. 41. Christensen JH, Christensen OB. A summary of the PRUDENCE model projections of changes in European climate by the end of this century. Climatic Change. 2007; 81(S1):7–30. 42. Christensen JH, Krishna Kumar K, Aldrian E, An S-I, Cavalcanti IFA, de Castro M, et al. Climate Phe- nomena and their Relevance for Future Regional Climate Change. In: Stocker TF, Qin D, Plattner G- K, Tignor M, Allen SK, Boschung J, et al., editors. Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Cli- mate Change. Cambridge, United Kingdom New York, NY, USA 2013.

43. Bjorkman AD, Myers-Smith IH, Elmendorf SC, Normand S, Ruger N, Beck PSA, et al. Plant functional trait change across a warming tundra biome. Nature. 2018; 562(7725):57–62. https://doi.org/10.1038/ s41586-018-0563-7 PMID: 30258229 44. Frei ER, Ghazoul J, Pluess AR. Plastic responses to elevated temperature in low and high elevation populations of three grassland species. PLoS One. 2014; 9(6):e98677. https://doi.org/10.1371/ journal.pone.0098677 PMID: 24901500 45. Fridley JD, Lynn JS, Grime JP, Askew AP. Longer growing seasons shift grassland vegetation towards more-productive species. Nature Climate Change. 2016; 6(9):865–8. 46. Diaz S, Noy-Meyr I, Cabido M. Can grazing response of herbaceous plants be predicted from simple vegetative traits? Journal of Applied Ecology. 2001; 38:497–508. 47. Poirier M, Durand J-L, Volaire F. Persistence and production of perennial grasses under water deficits and extreme temperatures: importance of intraspecific vs. interspecific variability. Global Change Biol- ogy. 2012; 18(12):3632–46. 48. De Boeck HJ, Bassin S, Verlinden M, Zeiter M, Hiltbrunner E. Simulated heat waves affected alpine grassland only in combination with drought. New Phytologist. 2016; 209(2):531–41. https://doi.org/10. 1111/nph.13601 PMID: 26267066 49. Funk JL, Larson JE, Ricks-Oddie J. Plant traits are differentially linked to performance in a semiarid ecosystem. Ecology. 2021; 102(5):e03318. https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.3318 PMID: 33630332 50. Weißhuhn K, Auge H, Prati D. Geographic variation in the response to drought in nine grassland spe-

cies. Basic and Applied Ecology. 2011; 12(1):21–8. 51. Jung V, Albert CH, Violle C, Kunstler G, Loucougaray G, Spiegelberger T, et al. Intraspecific trait vari- ability mediates the response of subalpine grassland communities to extreme drought events. Journal of Ecology. 2014; 102(1):45–53. 52. Wellstein C, Poschlod P, Gohlke A, Chelli S, Campetella G, Rosbakh S, et al. Effects of extreme drought on specific leaf area of grassland species: A meta-analysis of experimental studies in temper- ate and sub-Mediterranean systems. Global Change Biology. 2017; 23(6):2473–81. https://doi.org/10. 1111/gcb.13662 PMID: 28208238 53. Shaw MR, Zavaleta ES, Chiariello NR, Cleland EE, Mooney HA, Field CB. Grassland responses to global environmental changes suppressed by elevated CO2. Science. 2002; 298(5600):1987–90. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1075312 PMID: 12471257 54. Zavaleta ES, Shaw MR, Chiariello NR, Mooney HA, Field CB. Additive effects of simulated climate changes, elevated CO2, and nitrogen deposition on grassland diversity. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2003; 100(13):7650–4. 55. Eskelinen A, Harrison SP. Resource colimitation governs plant community responses to altered pre- cipitation. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2015; 112(42):13009–14. https://doi. org/10.1073/pnas.1508170112 PMID: 26438856 56. Lang B, Ahlborn J, Oyunbileg M, Geiger A, von Wehrden H, Wesche K, et al. Grazing effects on intra- specific trait variability vary with changing precipitation patterns in Mongolian rangelands. Ecology and

Evolution. 2020; 10(2):678–91. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.5895 PMID: 32015835 PLOS ONE Transplant performance and trait responses to abiotic and biotic changes PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0276789 November 8, 2022 14 / 16