The impacts of climate change on hydrological processes of Gilgel Gibe catchment, southwest Ethiopia

Furthermore, for the sensitivity of each parameter t-test and p-values was considered, using a t-test (larger in absolute values are more sensitive), and p-values were used to determine the significance of the sensitivity (a value close to zero has more significance) [49]. Statistical val- ues of R2, NSE, PBIAS and RSR were computed using Eqs 2, 3, 4 and 5 respectively: R2 ¼ ( Pn i¼1ðOi �OÞðPi �PÞ ½Pn i¼1ðOi �OÞ2�0:5½ðPn i¼1ðPi �PÞ2�0:5 )2 ð2Þ NSE ¼ 1 Pn i¼1ðOi PiÞ2 Pn i¼1ðOi �OÞ2 " # ð3Þ PBIAS ¼ Pn i¼1ðOi PiÞ Pn i¼1ðOiÞ ∗100 � � ð4Þ RSR ¼ RMSE STDEVobs ¼ ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiPn i¼1ðOi PiÞ2 q ffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiffiPn i¼1ðOi �OÞ2 q 2 6 4 3 7 5 ð5Þ Where Oi is the ith observed value for the streamflow (m3/s), and Pi is the ith predicted value Fig 8. Drainage in Gilgel Gibe catchment. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287314.g008 PLOS ONE The impacts of climate change on hydrological processes of gilgel gibe catchment PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0287314 June 28, 2023 12 / 28