Phenological cycles in the Pantanal woody communities: Responses to climate and soil moisture seasonality

87. Manzoni S, Vico G, Thompson S, Beyer F, Weih M. Contrasting leaf phenological strategies optimize carbon gain under droughts of different duration. Adv Water Resour. 2015; 84: 37–51. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/J.ADVWATRES.2015.08.001 88. Chaturvedi RK, Tripathi A, Raghubanshi AS, Singh JS. Functional traits indicate a continuum of tree drought strategies across a soil water availability gradient in a tropical dry forest. For Ecol Manage. 2021; 482: 118740. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FORECO.2020.118740 89. Lacerda DMA, Rossatto DR, Ribeiro-Novaes E´ KMD, de Almeida EB. Reproductive phenology differs between evergreen and deciduous species in a Northeast Brazilian savanna. Acta Bot Brasilica. 2018; 32: 367–375. https://doi.org/10.1590/0102-33062017ABB0343 90. Arau´ jo I, Marimon BS, Scalon MC, Fauset S, Marimon BH, Tiwari R, et al. Trees at the Amazonia-Cer- rado transition are approaching high temperature thresholds. Environmental Research Letters. 2021; 16: 034047. https://doi.org/10.1088/1748-9326/ABE3B9 91. Girard P, Da Silva CJ, Abdo M. River–groundwater interactions in the Brazilian Pantanal. The case of the Cuiaba´ River. J Hydrol (Amst). 2003; 283: 57–66. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-1694(03)00235-X 92. Borchert R. Soil and stem water storage determine phenology and distribution of tropical dry forest trees. Ecology. 1994; 75: 1437–1449. https://doi.org/10.2307/1937467 93. Bordiert R. Water status and development of tropical trees during seasonal drought. Trees. 1994; 8: 115–125. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00196635/METRICS

94. Chen S, Stark SC, Nobre AD, Cuartas LA, de Jesus Amore D, Restrepo-Coupe N, et al. Amazon forest biogeography predicts resilience and vulnerability to drought. Nature 2024 631:8019. 2024; 631: 111– 117. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-024-07568-w PMID: 38898277 95. Van Schaik CP, Terborgh JW, Wright SJ. The phenology of tropical forests: Adaptive significance and consequences for primary consumers. 2003; 24: 353–377. https://doi.org/10.1146/ANNUREV.ES.24. 110193.002033 96. Araujo JM, Correa SB, Anderson J, Penha J. Fruit preferences by fishes in a Neotropical floodplain. Biotropica. 2020; 52: 1131–1141. https://doi.org/10.1111/BTP.12790 97. Bentos T V., Mesquita RCG, Williamson GB. Reproductive phenology of central Amazon pioneer trees. Trop Conserv Sci. 2008; 1: 186–203. https://doi.org/10.1177/194008290800100303 98. Morellato LPC, Camargo MGG, Gressler E. A review of plant phenology in south and central america. Phenology: An Integrative Environmental Science. Springer Netherlands; 2013. pp. 91–113. https:// doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6925-0_6 99. Araujo MM V, Lobo FA. Phenology of copernicia alba in flooded and not flooded environments. Flor- esta e Ambiente. 2020; 27: 0–0. https://doi.org/10.1590/2179-8087.097917/PDF/FLORAM-27-1- E20170979.PDF 100. Caballero CB, Ruhoff A, Biggs T. Land use and land cover changes and their impacts on surface- atmosphere interactions in Brazil: A systematic review. Sci Total Environ. 2022; 808. https://doi.org/ 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152134 PMID: 34864033

101. Lopezaraiza-Mikel M, Quesada M, A´ lvarez-Añorve M, A´ vila-Cabadilla L, Marte´ n-Rodrı´guez S, Calvo- Alvarado J, et al. Phenological patterns of tropical dry forests along latitudinal and successional gradi- ents in the neotropics. Tropical Dry Forests in the Americas: Ecology, Conservation, and Manage- ment. 2013; 101–128. https://doi.org/10.1201/B15417-10/Phenological-patterns-tropical-dry-forests- along-latitudinal-successional-gradients-neotropics-martha-lopezaraiza-mikel-mauricio-quesada- mariana- 102. Morellato LPC, Talora DC, Takahasi A, Bencke CC, Romera EC, Zipparro VB. Phenology of Atlantic rain forest trees: A comparative study. Biotropica. 2000; 32: 811–823. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744- 7429.2000.tb00620.x 103. Fava WS, Covre W da S, Sigrist MR. Attalea phalerata and Bactris glaucescens (Arecaceae, Arecoi- deae): Phenology and pollination ecology in the Pantanal, Brazil. Flora—Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of Plants. 2011; 206: 575–584. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.FLORA.2011.02.001 104. Ferreira LV, Parolin P. Tree phenology in Central Amazonian floodplain forests: Effects of water level fluctuation and precipitation at community and population level. Pesquisas, Botaˆ nica. 2007; 58: 139– 156. 105. Shen JX, Zhang YJ, Maenpuen P, Zhang S Bin, Zhang L, Yang L, et al. Response of four evergreen savanna shrubs to an incidence of extreme drought: high embolism resistance, branch shedding and maintenance of nonstructural carbohydrates. Tree Physiol. 2022; 42: 740–753. https://doi.org/10. 1093/treephys/tpab150 PMID: 35020937

106. Numata S, Yamaguchi K, Shimizu M, Sakurai G, Morimoto A, Alias N, et al. Impacts of climate change on reproductive phenology in tropical rainforests of Southeast Asia. Communications Biology 2022 5:1. 2022; 5: 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1038/s42003-022-03245-8 PMID: 35449443 PLOS ONE Phenological cycles in the Pantanal woody communities PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0316011 February 7, 2025 28 / 30