Thông tin tài nguyên

Global reduction of snow cover in ski areas under climate change

pmc-PMC10936838.pdf · Phiên bản 1 · 15 trang

18
Bản gốc
Trang 14 · Đoạn 35Vị trí nguồn

25. Dunne JP, Horowitz LW, Adcroft AJ, Ginoux P, Held IM, John JG, et al. The GFDL Earth System Model Version 4.1 (GFDL-ESM 4.1): Overall Coupled Model Description and Simulation Characteristics. J Adv Model Earth Syst. 2020; 12. https://doi.org/10.1029/2019MS002015 26. Karger DN, Conrad O, Bo¨ hner J, Kawohl T, Kreft H, Soria-Auza RW, et al. Climatologies at high resolu- tion for the earth’s land surface areas. Sci Data. 2017; 4: 170122. https://doi.org/10.1038/sdata.2017. 122 PMID: 28872642 27. Center For International Earth Science Information Network-CIESIN-Columbia University. Gridded Population of the World, Version 4 (GPWv4): Population Density, Revision 11. Palisades, NY: Socio- economic Data and Applications Center (SEDAC); 2017. https://doi.org/10.7927/H49C6VHW 28. Kruskal WH, Wallis WA. Use of Ranks in One-Criterion Variance Analysis. J Am Stat Assoc. 1952; 47: 583–621. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.1952.10483441 29. Schwalm CR, Glendon S, Duffy PB. RCP8.5 tracks cumulative CO2 emissions. Proc Natl Acad Sci. 2020; 117: 19656–19657. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2007117117 PMID: 32747549 30. Hausfather Z, Peters GP. Emissions–the ‘business as usual’ story is misleading. Nature. 2020; 577: 618–620. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-00177-3 PMID: 31996825 31. IPCC, 2023. Sections. In: Climate Change 2023: Synthesis Report. Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Sixth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. First. IPCC,

Trang 14 · Đoạn 36Vị trí nguồn

Geneva, Switzerland: [Core Writing Team, H. Lee and J. Romero (eds.)]; 2023 pp. 35–115. https://doi. org/10.59327/IPCC/AR6-9789291691647 32. Hijams R. _raster: Geographic Data Analysis and Modeling_. 2023. Available: https://CRAN.R-project. org/package=raster 33. Hollister JW, Alec L. Robitaille (Ctb), Marcus W Beck (Rev), MikeJohnson-NOAA (Ctb), Tarak Shah (Ctb), Jakub Nowosad (Ctb). jhollist/elevatr: CRAN Release v0.99.0. Zenodo; 2023. https://doi.org/10. 5281/ZENODO.8335450 34. Notarnicola C. Hotspots of snow cover changes in global mountain regions over 2000–2018. Remote Sens Environ. 2020; 243: 111781. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rse.2020.111781 35. Nikolova N, Fasˇko P, Lapin M, Sˇ vec M. Changes in snowfall/precipitation-day ratio in Slovakia and their linkages with air temperature and precipitation. Contrib Geophys Geod. 2013; 43: 141–155. https://doi. org/10.2478/congeo-2013-0009 36. Serquet G, Marty C, Dulex J-P, Rebetez M. Seasonal trends and temperature dependence of the snow- fall/precipitation-day ratio in Switzerland: SNOWFALL/PRECIPITATION-DAY RATIO. Geophys Res Lett. 2011; 38: n/a–n/a. https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL046976 37. Marty C. Climate Change and Snow Cover in the European Alps. The Impact of Skiing on Mountain Environments. 2013. pp. 30–44. 38. Beniston M, Farinotti D, Stoffel M, Andreassen LM, Coppola E, Eckert N, et al. The European mountain cryosphere: a review of its current state, trends, and future challenges. The Cryosphere. 2018; 12: 759– 794. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-759-2018

Trang 14 · Đoạn 37Vị trí nguồn

39. Jylha¨ K, Fronzek S, Tuomenvirta H, Carter TR, Ruosteenoja K. Changes in frost, snow and Baltic sea ice by the end of the twenty-first century based on climate model projections for Europe. Clim Change. 2008; 86: 441–462. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10584-007-9310-z 40. Fang Y, Scott D, Steiger R. The impact of climate change on ski resorts in China. Int J Biometeorol. 2021; 65: 677–689. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-019-01822-x PMID: 31745638 41. Pons-Pons M, Johnson P, Rosas-Casals M, Sureda B, Jover E` . Modeling climate change effects on winter ski tourism in Andorra. Clim Res. 2012; 54: 197–207. https://doi.org/10.3354/cr01117 42. Steiger R, Sto¨tter J. Climate Change Impact Assessment of Ski Tourism in Tyrol. Tour Geogr. 2013; 15: 577–600. https://doi.org/10.1080/14616688.2012.762539 43. Hoegh-Guldberg O., Jacob D., Taylor M., Bindi M., Brown S., Camilloni I., et al. Impacts of 1.5˚C of Global Warming on Natural and Human Systems. 1st ed. Global Warming of 15˚C: IPCC Special Report on impacts of global warming of 15˚C above pre-industrial levels in context of strengthening response to climate change, sustainable development, and efforts to eradicate poverty. 1st ed. Cam- bridge, UK and New York, NY, USA: Cambridge University Press; 2018. pp. 175–312. https://doi.org/ 10.1017/9781009157940 44. Mudryk L, Santolaria-Otı´n M, Krinner G, Me´ne´goz M, Derksen C, Brutel-Vuilmet C, et al. Historical Northern Hemisphere snow cover trends and projected changes in the CMIP6 multi-model ensemble.

Trang 14 · Đoạn 38Vị trí nguồn

The Cryosphere. 2020; 14: 2495–2514. https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-14-2495-2020 45. Rixen C, Teich M, Lardelli C, Gallati D, Pohl M, Pu¨ tz M, et al. Winter Tourism and Climate Change in the Alps: An Assessment of Resource Consumption, Snow Reliability, and Future Snowmaking Potential. Mt Res Dev. 2011; 31: 229–236. https://doi.org/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-10-00112.1 PLOS ONE Global reduction of snow cover in ski areas under climate change PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0299735 March 13, 2024 14 / 15