The climatic risk of Amazonian protected areas is driven by climate velocity until 2050

change, providing decision-makers with more personalized data for the conservation of biodi- versity in the Amazon. Supporting information S1 Fig. Referenced territorial limits. Location of the Amazon biogeographic boundary (based on RAISG) and protected areas (based on WDPA). (TIF) S2 Fig. Maps of the difference between projected and current climate variables (climatic delta) and historical annual variability. Spatial distribution of climate deltas (2050–1990) of temperature and precipitation and spatial distribution of historical annual variability of tem- perature and precipitation. (TIF) S3 Fig. Nine-quadrant bivariate plot with a joint characterization of forward and backward velocities, where the range of velocity values is divided into low, moderate, and high cate- gories using three equal area quantiles. (TIF) S1 Table. General circulation models (GCM) used for projections of bioclimatic variables. 5 General circulation models (GCM) from CMIP6 used to assess the future distribution of cli- mate conditions. A multi-model ensemble was generated based on all the GCMs. (XLSX) Acknowledgments We are grateful to Emma Docherty for review the English language in the manuscript and V. H.F Gomes, M. Adami and D.R. Galbraith for their valuable suggestions throughout the devel- opment of this work. Author Contributions Conceptualization: Calil Torres-Amaral, Luciano Jorge Serejo dos Anjos, Ima Ce´lia Gui- marães Vieira, Everaldo Barreiros de Souza. Data curation: Calil Torres-Amaral, Luciano Jorge Serejo dos Anjos.

Formal analysis: Calil Torres-Amaral, Luciano Jorge Serejo dos Anjos. Funding acquisition: Calil Torres-Amaral, Everaldo Barreiros de Souza. Investigation: Calil Torres-Amaral, Luciano Jorge Serejo dos Anjos. Methodology: Calil Torres-Amaral, Luciano Jorge Serejo dos Anjos. Project administration: Calil Torres-Amaral, Ima Ce´lia Guimarães Vieira, Everaldo Barreiros de Souza. Resources: Calil Torres-Amaral. Software: Calil Torres-Amaral, Luciano Jorge Serejo dos Anjos. Supervision: Calil Torres-Amaral, Luciano Jorge Serejo dos Anjos, Ima Ce´lia Guimarães Vieira, Everaldo Barreiros de Souza. Validation: Calil Torres-Amaral. Visualization: Calil Torres-Amaral, Luciano Jorge Serejo dos Anjos. PLOS ONE Amazonian protected areas and climate velocity PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0286457 June 22, 2023 11 / 14