Exploring the impact of classroom climate on music aesthetic literacy in nonmusic majors

PLOS One | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0333470 October 7, 2025 6 / 13 Validity analysis The validity of the instrument was assessed through both content and construct validity. Expert evaluations confirmed a 100% agreement on the relevance, intelligibility, and appropriateness of the items, ensuring the strong content validity of the questionnaire. The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin (KMO) measure of sampling adequacy yielded a value of 0.946, exceeding the recommended threshold of 0.8 (Table 2), indicating excellent suitability for factor analysis. Bartlett’s test of sphericity (χ² = 19001.097, df = 1596, p < 0.001) also confirmed the validity of the factor structure, as the significant result suggests strong intercorrelations between the items. Convergent and discriminant validity The constructs were further assessed for convergent and discriminant validity using composite reliability (CR) and the average variance extracted (AVE) (Table 3). All CR values exceed the recommended threshold of 0.7, confirming that the constructs exhibit adequate internal consistency. The AVE values greater than 0.5 indicate good convergent validity, suggesting that the items within each Fig 1. The relationship between variables in the measure. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0333470.g001 Table 2. KMO and Bartlett’s Test. KMO Value 0.946 Bartlett’s Test of Sphericity Approx. Chi-Square 19001.097 df 1596 p-Value 0 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0333470.t002