Gut microbiota ecology: Biodiversity estimated from hybrid neutral-niche model increases with health status and aging

(when available) sequencing platform and technology, reagent version, target region, algo- rithm used to merge reads (for paired reads), read filtering rules and OTU calculation. (XLSX) Author Contributions Conceptualization: Claudia Sala, Enrico Giampieri, Paolo Garagnani, Daniel Remondini, Armando Bazzani, Claudio Franceschi, Gastone C. Castellani. Data curation: Claudia Sala. Formal analysis: Claudia Sala, Enrico Giampieri. Funding acquisition: Daniel Remondini, Claudio Franceschi, Gastone C. Castellani. Methodology: Claudia Sala, Enrico Giampieri, Silvia Vitali, Armando Bazzani, Gastone C. Castellani. Software: Claudia Sala, Enrico Giampieri, Silvia Vitali. Visualization: Claudia Sala, Enrico Giampieri. Writing – original draft: Claudia Sala, Gastone C. Castellani. Writing – review & editing: Claudia Sala, Enrico Giampieri, Silvia Vitali, Paolo Garagnani, Daniel Remondini, Armando Bazzani, Claudio Franceschi, Gastone C. Castellani. References 1. Turnbaugh PJ, Hamady M, Yatsunenko T, Cantarel BL, Duncan A, Ley RE, et al. A core gut microbiome in obese and lean twins. nature. 2009 Jan; 457(7228):480–4. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature07540 PMID: 19043404 2. Marchesi JR, Adams DH, Fava F, Hermes GD, Hirschfield GM, Hold G, et al. The gut microbiota and host health: a new clinical frontier. Gut. 2016 Feb 1; 65(2):330–9. https://doi.org/10.1136/gutjnl-2015- 309990 PMID: 26338727 3. Claesson MJ, Jeffery IB, Conde S, Power SE, O’connor EM, Cusack S, et al. Gut microbiota composi-

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