Repetition increases belief in climate-skeptical claims, even for climate science endorsers

repeated and non-repeated claims for each claim type, presented in Fig 3 (Experiment 1) and Fig 4 (Experiment 2). As shown in these figures, the influence of prior exposure applies to all claims and its size is very similar across types of claims. For our climate science endorsing par- ticipants, a single exposure increased the perceived truth of climate scientist claims as well as the perceived truth of climate-skeptic claims. It also increased agreement with unrelated weather claims, resulting in a strong overall influence of repetition on all the claims shown. Fig 1. Estimated mean truth ratings across repetition (repeated, non-repeated) and claim type (science-aligning, skeptic-aligning) in Experiment 1. Note. Error bars show 95% CI. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0307294.g001 PLOS ONE Illusory truth effect for climate-skeptical claims PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0307294 August 7, 2024 8 / 19