The Himalayan uplift and evolution of aquatic biodiversity across Asia: Snowtrout (Cyprininae: Schizothorax) as a test case

Acknowledgments Nepali samples were collected by DRE under permits issued by Nepali Department of National Parks and Wildlife [1984–86 (permit 7066) and 1996 (permit 802)], with a subset of specimens placed in the University of Kansas Biodiversity Institute (https://biodiversity.ku.edu.htm). We thank Curator Leo Smith and Collection Manager Andrew Bentley for their prompt response and support. We also acknowledge the National Research Centre for Riverine and Lake Fisher- ies (NRCR&LF, Haa, Bhutan) for providing logistic support and personnel with which to sam- ple fishes. Analytical resources were provided by the Arkansas Economic Development Commission (Arkansas Settlement Proceeds Act of 2000) and the Arkansas High Performance Computing Center (AHPCC). This research was made possible through generous endow- ments to the University of Arkansas: The Bruker Professorship in Life Sciences (MRD), the 21st Century Chair in Global Change Biology (MED), Distinguished Doctoral Fellowship award (ZDZ), and Graduate Teaching Assistantships (KW, ZDZ). Analytical assistance was provided by Tyler K. Chafin. Author Contributions Conceptualization: Binod Regmi, Marlis R. Douglas, Karma Wangchuk, Michael E. Douglas. Data curation: Binod Regmi, Zachery D. Zbinden. Formal analysis: Binod Regmi, Michael E. Douglas. Funding acquisition: Marlis R. Douglas, Singye Tshering, Michael E. Douglas. Investigation: Marlis R. Douglas, Karma Wangchuk, Zachery D. Zbinden, David R. Edds, Sin- gye Tshering, Michael E. Douglas. Methodology: Marlis R. Douglas, Karma Wangchuk, David R. Edds.

Project administration: Singye Tshering, Michael E. Douglas. Resources: Karma Wangchuk, David R. Edds. Software: Zachery D. Zbinden. Supervision: Marlis R. Douglas, Karma Wangchuk, Singye Tshering, Michael E. Douglas. Validation: Zachery D. Zbinden, David R. Edds, Singye Tshering. Writing – original draft: Binod Regmi, Marlis R. Douglas, Michael E. Douglas. Writing – review & editing: Binod Regmi, Marlis R. Douglas, Karma Wangchuk, Zachery D. Zbinden, David R. Edds, Singye Tshering, Michael E. Douglas. References 1. Yin A, Harrison TM. Geologic evolution of the Himalayan Tibetan orogen. Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci. 2000; 28: 211–280. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.earth.28.1.211 2. Xu J, Grumbine RE. Building ecosystem resilience for climate change adaptation in the Asian high- lands. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Clim Change. 2014; 5: 709–718. https://doi.org/10.1002/wcc.302 3. Pellissier L, Heine C, Rosauer DF, Albouy C. Are global hotspots of endemic richness shaped by plate tectonics? Biol J Linn Soc. 2017; 123: 247–261. https://doi.org/10.1093/biolinnean/blx125 4. van Hinsbergen DJJ, Lippert PC, Dupont-Nivete G, McQuarrie N, Doubrovinea PV, Spakmani W, et al. Greater India Basin hypothesis and a two-stage Cenozoic collision between India and Asia. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2012; 109: 7659–7664. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1117262109 PMID: 22547792 PLOS ONE Himalayan uplift and aquatic evolution PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0289736 October 24, 2023 22 / 27