The impact of climate change on economic output across industries in Chile

In terms of temperature changes, Table 3 shows a substantial increase in mean temperature between 1950–1959 and 1980–1989 with regional surface weights, although barely no change afterwards. However, with regional GDP weights there was an increase in mean temperature of 0.20 Celsius between 1950–1959 and 1980–1989 and an even stronger increase of 0.37 Cel- sius between 1980–1989 and 2010–2017. The maximum temperature for Chile also increased substantially between 1980–1989 and 2010–2017 with increases of 0.13 and 0.73 Celsius degrees with surface and GDP weights, respectively. Again, the North macrozone differs from the others in the sense that it experienced a large increase of 0.81 Celsius degrees between 1950–1959, followed by a strong decrease of -0.63 Celsius between 1980–1989 and 2010–2017. The Central, South and Metropolitan macrozones experienced a strong increase in mean and maximum temperatures in the recent period between 1980–1989 and 2010–2017. Mean tem- peratures for the Central, South and Metropolitan macrozones increased, respectively, by 0.52, 0.33 and 0.67 Celsius degrees between 1980–1989 and 2010–2017 with surface weights, while maximum temperatures in the same macrozones increased by 1.11, 0.37 and 1.07 Celsius degrees. When weighted by regional GDP, the results for the period between 1980–1989 and 2010–2017 are very similar. With GDP weights, the mean temperatures increased by 0.51, 0.44 and 0.67 Celsius degrees for the Central, South and Metropolitan macrozones, respectively,

while the maximum temperatures increased by 1.01, 0.72 and 1.07 Celsius degrees. Overall, the results in Table 3 document a decrease in precipitation and increase in temperatures for Chile and all its macrozones (except the North) between 1980–1989 and 2010–2017. Table 3. Changes yearly minimum, maximum and mean in precipitation and temperature. Period Macrozone Precipitation Temperature Min Max Mean Min Max Mean Regional surface weights 1989–1959 Chile 0.64 -2.19 -0.84 0.41 0.37 0.43 2017–1989 Chile 0.49 -1.70 -0.06 -0.02 0.13 -0.03 1989–1959 North 0.00 0.20 0.05 0.88 0.59 0.81 2017–1989 North -0.01 -0.45 -0.03 -0.63 -0.51 -0.63 1989–1959 Central -0.14 -0.67 -0.56 0.20 -0.21 -0.03 2017–1989 Central 0.11 -6.90 -1.54 0.19 1.11 0.52 1989–1959 South 1.46 -4.86 -1.77 0.06 0.35 0.24 2017–1989 South 1.06 -1.10 0.40 0.45 0.37 0.33 1989–1959 Metro 0.02 -0.57 0.11 0.30 0.18 0.16 2017–1989 Metro 0.01 -5.27 -1.08 0.31 1.07 0.67 Regional GDP weights 1989–1959 Chile 0.02 -0.79 -0.28 0.29 0.16 0.20 2017–1989 Chile 0.08 -4.50 -0.89 0.13 0.73 0.37 1989–1959 North 0.01 0.18 0.05 0.79 0.52 0.74 2017–1989 North -0.01 -0.43 -0.04 -0.60 -0.47 -0.60 1989–1959 Central -0.12 -0.21 -0.38 0.12 -0.13 -0.01 2017–1989 Central 0.08 -6.53 -1.38 0.21 1.01 0.51 1989–1959 South 0.44 -5.11 -2.41 -0.23 0.11 -0.07 2017–1989 South 0.61 -3.32 -0.30 0.47 0.72 0.44 1989–1959 Metro 0.02 -0.57 0.11 0.30 0.18 0.16 2017–1989 Metro 0.01 -5.27 -1.08 0.31 1.07 0.67

Notes: Precipitation in centimeters per month, and temperature in Celsius. Between the averages for 1950–1959 and 1980–1989 and between the averages for 1980–1989 and 2010–2017. Results for Chile and each macrozone weighted by region’s surface area and regional GDP in 2017. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266811.t003 PLOS ONE The impact of climate change on economic output across industries in Chile PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0266811 April 28, 2022 8 / 21