Effects of woody forages on biodiversity and bioactivity of aerobic culturable gut bacteria of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)

Pasteurella, Photobacterium, Plesiomonas, Pseudomonas, Shewanella, Staphyloccocus and Vib- rio were recovered from the guts of tilapia fed artificial feed. However, among the 13 bacterial genera recovered by Pakingking et al. [56], only three genera (Bacillus, Pseudomonas and Staphylococcus) were identified in this study, indicating that woody feed had a significant effect on the intestinal bacterial community of tilapia. In addition, the 16S rDNA sequences of five isolates recovered in this study shared 87% similarity with their closest NCBI relatives (Steno- trophomonas sp. tap-10, Accession: EF221778.1), indicating that they may be new species. Table 3. Bacteria in the gut in five experimental groups. Bacterial species (the representative isolates’ accession numbers in GenBank) C MOL FMOL FM FFM Bacillus altitudinis (MK281515) 1±0.3 3±1.5 2±0.9 Bacillus amyloliquefaciens (MK281516) 1±0.3b 1±0.3 Bacillus anthracis (MK281517) 1±0.3 Bacillus aquimaris (MK281518) 1±0.3 Bacillus baekryungensis (MK281519) 2±0.3 b 1±0.6 1±0.3 1±0.3 Bacillus cereus (MK281520) 1±0.6 b Bacillus cibi (MK281521) 1±0.3 1±0.3 1±0.3 Bacillus infantis (MK281522) 1±0.3 b 1±0.3 Bacillus marisflavi (MK281523) 1±0.6 b 2±0.9 1±0.6 1±0.6 Bacillus megaterium (MK281524) 1±0.3 Bacillus pumilus (MK281525) 1±0.6 b 1±0.6 2±0.9 1±0.3 Bacillus sp. (MK281526) 2±0.9 1±0.6 1±0.3 1±0.6 Bacillus stratosphericus (MK281527) 1±0.3 1±0.3 1±0.3 Bacillus subterraneus (MK281528) 1±0.3 1±0.3 Bacillus subtilis (MK281529) 1±0.3 1±0.3 Bacillus thioparans (MK281530) 1±0.3 1±0.6

Bacillus thuringiensis (MK281531) 1±0.36 b Bacillus vietnamensis (MK281532) 1±0.3 1±0.3 Fictibacillus rigui (MK281533) 1±0.3 Lysinibacillus fusiformis (MK281534) 1±0.3 b 1±0.3 1±0.3 Lysinibacillus mangiferihumi (MK281535) 1±0.6 b 1±0.3 Lysinibacillus sphaericus (MK281536) 2±0.9 Microbacterium foliorum (MK281537) 1±0.3 Proteus mirabilis (MK281538) 4±0a 2±0.3 2±1.2 1±0.6 1±0 Pseudomonas fulva (MK281539) 1±0.3 Pseudomonas sp. (MK281540) 2±0.9 b 1±0.6 2±1.2 1±0.36 2±0.3 Rhodococcus sp. (MK281541) 1±0.3 Rummeliibacillu spycnus (MK281542) 1±0.3 Staphylococcus epidermidis (MK281543) 1±0.3b 1±0.3 Staphylococcus pasteuri (MK281544) 1±0.3 b 1±0.3 Staphylococcus sp. (MK281545) 1±0.3 1±0.3 Stenotrophomonas maltophilia (MK281546) 1±0.3 b 1±0.6 Streptomyces albogriseolus (MK281547) 1±0.3 Streptomyces rutgersensis (MK281548) 1±0.3b Thalassospira sp. (MK281549) 1±0.3 1±0.3 1±0.3 1±0.6 The five groups respectively are control group (C), Moringa oleifera Lam group (MOL), fermented Moringa oleifera Lam group (FMOL), Folium mori leaf meal group (FM) and fermented Folium mori leaf meal group (FFM). (The different letters a / b in the same column of the data in the table indicate that the difference is significant (P <0.05), and the letter without the shoulder indicates no significant difference in the same column). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235560.t003 PLOS ONE Effects of wood forages on gut bacterial biodiversity and bioactivity in tilapia PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0235560 July 2, 2020 10 / 17