Work safety climate. Comparison of selected occupational groups

Table 2. Description of the Safety Climate Questionnaire and contents of the individual items. No. Safety Climate Questionnaire scales Description of the scale corresponding to the specific safety climate dimension A high score on the scale means that: Example statements from the scale 1 Employee participation in safety- related matters workers feel engaged by their superiors in safety-related matters and actions implemented in this field are consulted with them I have been engaged in the process of assessment of occupational risk related to their job 2 Safe behavior workers comply with the applicable safety procedures, use personal protective equipment and keep their working station orderly and tidy Sometimes I engage in risky behavior at work, e.g. I remove machine guards or shields, I perform minor repairs when the machine is running, I exceed speed limits, I take shortcuts to reach my destination faster.� 3 Management engagement in health and safety workers have a high opinion of the attitude and behavior of their superiors and their engagement in work safety aspects My superiors “turn a blind eye” to the way in which work is done–it does not necessarily have to be done safely, the important thing is to meet the deadlines and that the quantity is appropriate.� 4 Modeling and enhancing safe behaviors in the organization safe way of performing tasks, compliance with safety rules is noticed and appreciated by superiors, and their attitude towards safety is taken into account in the employee performance appraisal process

My superiors actively participate in campaigns promoting safety organized by the company. 5 Workplace accident risk management workers rate positively the accident prevention and response measures undertaken by the organization Each accident that has occurred at the working establishment is discussed by the superior during information meetings. 6 Technical facilities and ergonomics workers have a high opinion of both the technical condition of the plant and machinery and the way in which work is organized Particularly dangerous places are suitably marked. 7 Pace of work and fatigue level workers rate positively the way work is organized and do not feel overtired The number of tasks I have to perform every day makes me work at a very fast pace.� 8 Occupational health and safety training process workers feel well informed about aspects related to safety, occupational risk, job-related threats, and methods of providing first aid I feel well informed about the methods of protecting myself from the threats related to my work. 9 Atmosphere in the workplace workers rate positively the communication method and the level of support provided by the superior, and trust one another When dangerous work is performed, I know I can trust my co-workers with whom I perform the dangerous task. 10 Organizational policy with regard to occupational health and safety management workers recognize and rate positively the actions undertaken by the employer to improve safety in the organization Safety is a priority in our organization, and a continuous

improvement process with regard to safety is in course. �Question requiring inversion Source: compilation based on Znajmiecka-Sikora [38]. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243056.t002 Table 3. Scale reliability: Cronbach’s alpha for the individual scales of the Safety Climate Questionnaire in the individual respondent groups. Safety Climate Questionnaire scales Group A (Mnfc) Group B (Retl) Group C (MnRsc) Employee participation in safety-related matters α = 0.67 α = 0.61 α = 0.77 Safe behavior α = 0.70 α = 0.70 α = 0.75 Management engagement in health and safety α = 0.71 α = 0.75 α = 0.83 Modeling and enhancing safe behaviors in the organization α = 0.77 α = 0.74 α = 0.81 Workplace accident risk management α = 0.76 α = 0.67 α = 0.81 Technical facilities and ergonomics α = 0.72 α = 0.73 α = 0.84 Pace of work and fatigue level α = 0.77 α = 0.81 α = 0.77 Occupational health and safety training process α = 0.69 α = 0.74 α = 0.88 Atmosphere in the workplace α = 0.73 α = 0.78 α = 0.79 Organizational policy with regard to occupational health and safety management α = 0.78 α = 0.77 α = 0.85 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243056.t003 PLOS ONE Work safety climate PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0243056 December 14, 2020 7 / 19