Vegetation and vertebrate abundance as drivers of bioturbation patterns along a climate gradient

Formal analysis: Diana Kraus. Funding acquisition: Roland Brandl, Jo¨rg Bendix, Annegret Larsen, Nina Farwig. Investigation: Diana Kraus, Sebastian Achilles, Paulina Grigusova. Methodology: Diana Kraus, Roland Brandl, Jo¨rg Bendix, Annegret Larsen, Kirstin U¨ bernickel, Nina Farwig. Project administration: Roland Brandl, Jo¨rg Bendix, Annegret Larsen, Patricio Pliscoff, Kirstin U¨ bernickel, Nina Farwig. Resources: Roland Brandl, Jo¨rg Bendix, Annegret Larsen, Nina Farwig. Supervision: Roland Brandl, Nina Farwig. Visualization: Diana Kraus. Writing – original draft: Diana Kraus. Writing – review & editing: Diana Kraus, Roland Brandl, Sebastian Achilles, Jo¨rg Bendix, Paulina Grigusova, Annegret Larsen, Patricio Pliscoff, Kirstin U¨ bernickel, Nina Farwig. References 1. Darwin C. The Formation of Vegetable Mould through the Action of Worms. The Formation of Vegetable Mould through the Action of Worms. 1837. https://doi.org/10.1017/cbo9780511703850 2. Meysman FJR, Middelburg JJ, Heip CHR. Bioturbation: a fresh look at Darwin’s last idea. Trends Ecol Evol. 2006; 21: 688–695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2006.08.002 PMID: 16901581 3. Jones CG, Lawton JH, Shachak M. Organisms as Ecosystem Engineers. Oikos. 1994. https://doi.org/ 10.2307/3545850 4. Eldridge DJ, Mensinga A. Foraging pits of the short-beaked echidna (Tachyglossus aculeatus) as small-scale patches in a semi-arid Australian box woodland. Soil Biol Biochem. 2007. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.soilbio.2006.11.016 5. Hagenah N, Bennett NC. Mole rats act as ecosystem engineers within a biodiversity hotspot, the Cape

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of bioturbation of compacted soils. PLoS One. 2015. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0128914 PMID: 26087130 13. Plaas E, Meyer-Wolfarth F, Banse M, Bengtsson J, Bergmann H, Faber J, et al. Towards valuation of biodiversity in agricultural soils: A case for earthworms. Ecol Econ. 2019. https://doi.org/10.1016/j. ecolecon.2019.02.003 14. Klaas BA, Danielson BJ, Moloney KA. Influence of pocket gophers on meadow voles in a tallgrass prai- rie. J Mammal. 1998. https://doi.org/10.2307/1383102 PLOS ONE Vegetation and vertebrate abundance as drivers of bioturbation patterns along a climate gradient PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0264408 March 4, 2022 11 / 14