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Comparing Academic Performance of Elementary Education Majors in General Education Science Courses

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Examining assumptions about consistency across high schools. Educ Res. 2020;49(3):198–211. 74. Theobald E. Students are rarely independent: when, why, and how to use random effects in discipline-based education research. CBE Life Sci Educ. 2018;17(3):rm2. https://doi.org/10.1187/ cbe.17-12-0280 PMID: 30142053 75. Marini J, Shaw E, Young L, Ewing M. Getting to know your criterion: Examining college course grades and GPAs over time. College Board; 2018. Contract No.: ED582569. 76. Trumbull E, Farr B, editors. Grading and reporting student progress in an age of standards. Norwood, MA, USA: Christopher-Gordon Publishers, Inc.; 2000. 77. Kohn A. From degrading to de-grading. What does it mean to be well educated? And other essays on standards, grading, and other follies. Boston, MA: Beacon Press; 2004. 78. Nixon RS, Swain AD. Do college science courses help preservice elementary teachers learn the science they need to teach? J Sci Teach Edu. 2024;35(7):661–75. 79. Twombly S. Student perspectives on general education in a research university: An exploratory study. J Genl Educ. 1992;41(4):238–72. https://doi.org/insert-doi-here-if-available