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Fertilization using manure minimizes the trade-offs between biodiversity and forage production in agri-environment scheme grasslands

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term change in hay yield, Vegetation and soil microbial communities during the Phased restoration of traditional meadow grassland (objective 2.3 and 3.2). 2008. 60. Ridding LE, Redhead JW, Pywell RF. Fate of semi-natural grassland in England between 1960 and 2013: A test of national conservation policy. Glob Ecol Conserv. 2015; 4: 516–525. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.gecco.2015.10.004 61. Melts I, Lanno K, Sammul M, Uchida K, Heinsoo K, Kull T, et al. Fertilising semi-natural grasslands may cause long-term negative effects on both biodiversity and ecosystem stability. J Appl Ecol. 2018; 55: 1951–1955. https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.13129. 62. Heinsoo K, Sammul M, Kukk T, Kull T, Melts I. The long-term recovery of a moderately fertilised semi- natural grassland. Agric Ecosyst Environ. 2020; 289: 106744. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2019. 106744. 63. Smith RS, Shiel RS, Bardgett RD, Millward D, Corkhill P, Rolph G, et al. Soil microbial community, fertil- ity, vegetation and diversity as targets in the restoration management of a meadow grassland. J Appl Ecol. 2003; 40: 51–64. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2664.2003.00780.x 64. Smith RS, Shiel RS, Millward D, Corkhill P. The interactive effects of management on the productivity and plant community structure of an upland meadow: an 8-year field trial. J Appl Ecol. 2000; 37: 1029– 1043. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2664.2000.00566.x 65. Hothorn T, Bretz F, Westfall P. Simultaneous Inference in General Parametric Models. Biometrical J. 2008; 50: 346–363. https://doi.org/10.1002/bimj.200810425 PMID: 18481363

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