Wind disasters adaptation in cities in a changing climate: A systematic review

and risks in urban areas. 24 publications relating to models focus on simulations of wind- storms and water surges. 28 publications talk about cities’ project designs in the recovery pro- cess, mainly focusing on New Orleans. 23 publications discuss how humans respond to hurricanes and other disasters. 26 publications are related to the health impacts of wind disas- ters, mostly from Hurricane Sandy. For literature published in the same year, they cover diverse topics despite the small number of publications (Fig 4). At least six topics were covered in annual publications starting from 2011. 2013 was the first year that included all topics. But damages of extreme wind events and health impacts (topic 3 and topic 9) were missing in 2014, and only health impacts made their Fig 3. Geographical distribution of cities mentioned in publications and their frequencies. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248503.g003 Table 1. Summary of stemmed roots, nine topics, four categories and the distribution of each topic in the literature corpus. Reference number Topics Stemmed word roots Aspects Number of publications Marginal percentage 1 Vulnerability and adaptation of coastal areas in the background of future climate change Vulner, chang, climat, coastal, adapt, futur Vulnerability and resilience of cities (topic 1 and 2) 34 24.9% 2 Development of social resilience of urban communities Resili, urban, communiti, social, develop, local 21 3 Damages of extreme cyclone events on cities and regions Citi, event, damag, extrem, region, cyclon Damage evaluation (topic 3, 4, 5, and 6)

20 40.3% 4 Use of models and timeline data to analyze networks and systems System, model, data, time, network, event 19 5 Risk and hazard assessment of floods in urban areas Flood, risk, area, assess, hazard, citi 26 6 Model simulations of windstorms and water surges Storm, wind, model, water, surg, simul 24 7 The design of recovery projects in the city New Orleans Recoveri, citi, design, build, project, orlean Response and recovery (topic 7 and 8) 28 23.1% 8 Human responses to natural disasters and hurricanes Disast, hurricane, respons, natur, human, state 23 9 The health effects of hurricane Sandy on population Health, sandi, resid, year, affect, popul Health impacts (topic 9) 26 11.8% https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248503.t001 PLOS ONE Review on wind adaptation in cities PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248503 March 17, 2021 7 / 26