Wind disasters adaptation in cities in a changing climate: A systematic review

Sandy triggered a tipping point that raised awareness of building resilient cities against severe natural disasters and climate risks [30]. The other six most frequently mentioned cities are New Orleans (14), Houston (7), Hong Kong (4), Galveston (3), Shanghai (3), and Tacloban (3). Major aspects and contents in wind disaster adaptation Statistics and categorization of topics. We selected nine topics for final analyses after generating and comparing multiple numbers of topics with LDA. Topics under this number cover more areas than smaller numbers, and at the same time, avoid duplicate themes. We subjectively summarized the contents of topics according to stemmed words from LDA (Table 1). The number of each topic distributes evenly. 34 publications are talking about the vulnerability and adaptation of coastal areas in the framework of future climate change, which is the topic of the highest frequency. Although we did not include climate-related keywords in the literature search, it still appears in one of the nine topics, which indicates the necessity of incorporating climate change into the studies of wind disaster adaptation. 21 publications are highlighting resilient measures in the local context, including those taken by communities. 20 publications talk about the damages of extreme events on cities, especially the damages caused by cyclones. 19 publications apply models and big data to analyze the impacts of disasters on the social networks and urban systems. 26 publications provide assessments of flood hazards Fig 2. PRISMA flow diagram for literature search.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248503.g002 PLOS ONE Review on wind adaptation in cities PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248503 March 17, 2021 6 / 26