Does increasing biodiversity in an urban woodland setting promote positive emotional responses in humans? A stress recovery experiment using 360-degree videos of an urban woodland

Table 3. Summary of the RM-ANOVA models showing the effect of several predictors on the affective scores. Dependent variable Analysis component F p-value Partial eta squared Effect of the video’s biodiversity Negative Affect Within -subjects 141.6 < 0.005 0.28 Between Subjects 1.2 0.31 0.01 Interaction 1.02 0.41 0.008 Positive Affect Within-subjects 3.94 0.02 0.01 Between Subjects 0.18 0.91 0.001 Interaction 1.18 0.31 0.01 Effect of the perceived level of biodiversity Negative Affect Within-subjects 114.7 < 0.005 0.24 Between Subjects 3.43 0.03 0.02 Interaction 1.24 0.29 0.007 Positive Affect Within-subjects 3.13 0.04 0.008 Between Subjects 6.93 < 0.005 0.04 Interaction 6.74 < 0.005 0.03 Effect of noticing flowers Negative Affect Within-subjects 60.45 < 0.005 0.14 Between Subjects 0.73 0.79 < 0.005 Interaction 1.07 0.3 0.003 Positive Affect Within-subjects 3.36 0.04 0.009 Between Subjects 1.75 0.19 0.005 Interaction 5.35 0.005 0.01 Effect of noticing sounds Negative Affect Within-subjects 75.87 < 0.005 0.17 Between Subjects 6.62 0.01 0.02 Interaction 0.21 0.79 0.001 Positive Affect Within-subjects 2.55 0.08 0.007 Between Subjects 2.26 0.11 0.007 Interaction 2.57 0.08 0.007 Effect of noticing trees Negative Affect Within-subjects 45.43 < 0.01 0.11 Between Subjects 3.85 0.05 0.01 Interaction 0.15 0.7 < 0.005 Positive Affect Within-subjects 2.4 0.01 0.006 Between Subjects 1.56 0.21 0.004 Interaction 4.38 0.01 0.01 Effect of the time spent outdoor as a child

Negative Affect Within-subjects 93.61 < 0.005 0.2 Between Subjects 1.42 0.24 0.008 Interaction 0.37 0.81 0.2 Positive Affect Within-subjects 3.39 0.03 0.009 Between Subjects 1.74 0.18 0.009 Interaction 0.36 0.83 0.002 Effect of Nature Connectedness Negative Affect Within-subjects 74.89 < 0.005 0.17 Between Subjects 0.49 0.81 0.008 Interaction 0.65 0.69 0.01 Positive Affect Within-subjects 6.18 < 0.005 0.016 Between Subjects 2.95 0.008 0.05 Interaction 1.46 0.12 0.02 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0297179.t003 PLOS ONE Does increasing biodiversity in an urban woodland setting, promote positive emotional responses in humans? PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0297179 February 7, 2024 9 / 20