Epiphytic microflora and mycotoxin content in meadows–Is plant biodiversity affecting fungal contamination?

Data were evaluated by StatSoft Statistica 12.0 (TIBCO Software Inc., Palo Alto, CA, USA). Shapiro-Wilk test for normality was used. Normal data was evaluated by single-factor ANOVA and post-hoc Scheffe´ test, otherwise evaluation was done by Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA or Mann-Whitney test. Significant differences were accepted if p < 0.05. Table 1. Species-rich mixtures’ seed components. Botanical species Variety Percentage of component in the mixture (%) Mixture 1 Mixture 2 Mixture 3 Agrostis capillaris L. 2.3 3.0 Anthoxanthum odoratum L. 3.1 4.0 Anthyllis vulneraria L. Pamir 5.3 1.3 0.4 Arrhenantherum elatius (L.) J. Presl et C. Presl 2.3 3 Bromus erectus Huds. 7.8 10 Carum carvi L. Prochan 1,7 0.6 0.2 Centaurea jacea L. 1.7 0.6 0.2 Cynosurus cristatus L. Rozˇnovska´ 6.2 5 Fagopyrum esculentum Moench Zita 17.1 5.7 2 Festuca pratensis Huds. Otava 6.2 8 Festuca rubra commutata Zulu 5.4 5 Festuca rubra rubra Tagera 11.7 15 Festuca rubra trichophylla Viktorka 3.9 7 Festuca trachyphylla (Hack.) R. P. Murray Dorotka 7.8 18 Knautia arvensis (L.) Coulter 4.3 1.4 0.5 Leucanthemum vulgare Lam. 8.6 2.8 1 Lolium perenne L. Jozı´fek 1.6 2.0 Lotus corniculatus L. Leo 26,7 6.7 2.0 Onobrychis viciifolia Scop. Visˇňovsky´ 6.7 1.7 0.5 Phacelia tanacefolia Benth. Veˇtrovska´ 17.1 5.7 2 Phleum pratense L. Sobol 1.6 2 Poa pratensis L. Balin 7.8 10 Salvia pratensis L. 6 2 0.7 Sanguisorba minor Scop. 2.6 0.9 0.3 Silene vulgaris (Moench) Garcke 0.9 0.3 0.1 Trifolium pratense L. Start 1.3 0.3 0.1

Trisetum flavescens (L.) P. Beauv. Horal 2.3 3 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288397.t001 Table 2. Weed occurrence in experimental variants. 'Prosteva' 'Kora' 'Aprilia' 'Philia' 'Promed' Mixture 1 Mixture 2 Mixture 3 Taraxacum sect. Ruderalia Kirschner, H. Ollgaard & Sˇteˇpa´nek + + + + - + + + Cerastium arvense L. - - - - + + + + Lamium album L. + + + + + - - - Poa annua L. - - - - + + + + Veronica arvensis L. + + + + + + + + Veronica chamaedrys L. + - - - - - - - Spergula arvensis L. - - - - - + + + Galeopsis tetrahit L. - - - - - + + + Stellaria media (L.) Vill. - - - - - + + + Echinochloa crus-galli (L.) P. Beauv. + + + + + + + + Symbol “+” marks occurrence of the weed species in the variant. No occurrence is marked with “-“. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288397.t002 PLOS ONE Biodiversity and plant fungal contamination PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0288397 September 14, 2023 4 / 11