Biodiversity hotspot assessment in the Altai Mountains transboundary region based on Mammals and Aves

AM proportion is 52.63%; the MR of TM proportion is 59.67%, the MR of AM proportion is 24.01%) and RAR (the HR of TM proportion is 44.98%, the HR ratio of AM is 37.11%; the MR ratio of TM is 24.39%, and the MR ratio of AM is 65.73%). In summary, the BHs of Aves are more widely distributed than Mammals in terms of over- all richness, but when focusing on HR and MR, Mammals are wider. From a geographical per- spective, the hotspots of species diversity demonstrate distinct patterns along national boundaries. Furthermore, the distribution of Mammals is characterized by clustering, whereas distribution of Aves displays a linear pattern, primarily attributed to their alignment along water sources and river valleys. Notably, BHs are predominantly situated in the northern region of AMTR, highlighting significant regional disparities. Mechanism of BHs distribution Fig 4 shows the contribution of influencing factors that affect the distribution of BHs for TM, AM, TA, and AA. bio19 (26.44%), elev (15.32%), and bio11 (13.84%) have major contributions to the distribution of BHs of TM. The main contributing factors to the distribution of BHs of AM are bio11 (29.53%), distoraod (17.20%), elev (12.26%), and bio19 (10.80%). Factors such as bio11 (36.21%), peo (11.72%), and distoraod (11.41%) have a high contribution to the Fig 2. Species classification and operational numbers in MaxEnt models. TM: threatened Mammals; AM: all Mammals; TA: threatened Aves; AA: all Aves. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0314075.g002 PLOS ONE

Biodiversity hotspot assessment in the Altai Mountains transboundary region PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0314075 December 4, 2024 7 / 20