Livelihood vulnerability household fishermen household due to climate change in Lampung Province, Indonesia

utilizing natural capital, social capital, and physical capital compared to the utilisation of finan- cial capital and human capital which are classified as weak. Small-scale fishers in Lampung are relatively non-adaptive to the other 4 indicators, due to various factors, such as; the low level of education and experience working as a fisherman so that they do not have the ability to improve skills to other livelihood sources, productive assets, and work networks with parties outside the village. These factors are suspected to be obstacles to small-scale fishers being unable to utilize the natural capital of marine and coastal services to support their household livelihoods. The age of respondents is estimated to be very influen- tial on physical capital indicators, except in Bandar Lampung and South Lampung, the physi- cal capital of small-scale fishers in Tenggamus adapts to extreme weather changes, family members of Tenggamus fishers are estimated to work temporarily outside the village in activi- ties outside fishing. The adaptive capacity of small-scale fishing households in the research location is low. This is because fisher households are still under limited availability and access to resources, so they have not been able to utilize the five income capitals optimally. However, Tanggamus Regency has the highest capacity index compared to other research locations. In relation to fishermen who have not been able to utilize the five capitals optimally. Small-scale fisher households in Fig 3. Sensitivity index of fishing households.

https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0315051.g003 PLOS ONE Livelihood vulnerability household fishermen due to climate change in lampung province PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0315051 December 31, 2024 11 / 20