Livelihood vulnerability household fishermen household due to climate change in Lampung Province, Indonesia

RESEARCH ARTICLE Livelihood vulnerability household fishermen household due to climate change in Lampung Province, Indonesia Maya RiantiniID1,2*, Maesti Mardiharini3, Saptana3, Bedy Sudjarmoko3, Eka Kasymir1, Lestari Gita Nur’aini4, Salsa Hentia Anindita4, Mat Syukur3, Armen Zulham3, Budi Wardono3, I. Ketut Ardana3, Chandra Indrawanto3, Agus WahyudiID3 1 Study Program of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia, 2 National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia, 3 Research Center for Cooperative, Corporation and People’s Economy, National Research and Innovation Agency, Jakarta, Indonesia, 4 Undergraduate Program of Agribusiness, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia * maya.riantini@fp.unila.ac.id Abstract The livelihood of small-scale fishers is highly dependent on marine resources and coastal areas while the condition of marine waters is increasingly unpredictable due to seasonal uncertainty and extreme weather due to climate variability. This condition has a negative impact on fish catches and the income of small-scale fishermen. The study results were obtained through interviews with respondents using a structured questionnaire. Sampling was carried out using multistage random sampling based on the type and number of ships controlled (1 GT-5GT). The total sample of respondents interviewed was 166 fishing house- holds, consisting of 36 respondents from Bandar Lampung City, 65 respondents from South Lampung Regency, and 65 respondents from Tanggamus Regency. Data was evaluated

using three analysis methods, namely household income structure, indicators of income vul- nerability, and adaptation mechanisms. Income structure and income vulnerability use a quantitative approach, while adaptation mechanisms use a qualitative approach. The results of this empirical study found that the source of income of traditional capture fisher house- holds is from: fishing business (on the farm) averaged 82.22%, in Tanggamus Regency, the proportion reached 86.22%. The income vulnerability index of traditional capture fisher households (LVI-IPCC value) in Bandar Lampung City and South Lampung Regency is pos- itive (0.39 and 0.36). The income vulnerability index of traditional fishermen in Tanggamus Regency is negative -0.29. Fishermen employ an adaptation mechanism that engaged the five fundamental facets of income capital, namely natural capital, human capital, physical capital, financial capital, and social capital. Introduction Indonesia is one of the largest archipelagic countries in the world, with 17,508 islands that stand on 5.8 million km2 of marine waters [1]. This condition gives Indonesia the potential for PLOS ONE PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0315051 December 31, 2024 1 / 20 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 OPEN ACCESS Citation: Riantini M, Mardiharini M, Saptana , Sudjarmoko B, Kasymir E, Nur’aini LG, et al. (2024) Livelihood vulnerability household fishermen household due to climate change in Lampung Province, Indonesia. PLoS ONE 19(12): e0315051. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0315051

Editor: Dharmendra Kumar Meena, CIFRI: Central Inland Fisheries Research Institute, INDIA Received: February 1, 2024 Accepted: November 21, 2024 Published: December 31, 2024 Copyright: © 2024 Riantini et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability Statement: All relevant data are within the manuscript and its Supporting Information files. Funding: The author(s) received no specific funding for this work. Competing interests: No Author have competing interest.