Abalones at risk: A global Red List assessment of Haliotis in a changing climate

7. Jackson JBC, Kirby MX, Berger WH, Bjorndal KA, Botsford LW, Bourque BJ, et al. Historical overfish- ing and the recent collapse of coastal ecosystems. Science (80-). 2001; 293:629–37. https://doi.org/ 10.1126/science.1059199 PMID: 11474098 8. Safina C. The Continued Danger of Overfishing. Issues Sci Technol. 2003; 19(4):49–51. 9. Ashe E, Williams R, Clark C, Erbe C, Gerber LR, Hall AJ, et al. Minding the Data-Gap Trap: Exploring Dynamics of Abundant Dolphin Populations Under Uncertainty. Front Mar Sci. 2021; 8:1–10. 10. Rogers-Bennett L. Is Climate Change Contributing to Range Reductions and Local Extinctions in Northern (Haliotis kamtschatkana) and Flat (Haliotis walallensis) Abalone? Bull Mar Sci. 2007; 81 (2):283–96. 11. Wells S. Giant clams: status, trade and mariculture, and the role of CITES in management [Internet]. IUCN: International Union for Conservation of Nature. IUCN Species Survival Commission (SSC), Mollusc Specialist Group. 1997. Available from: https://policycommons.net/artifacts/1372860/giant- clams/1987069/ 12. Stoner AW, Davis MH, Kough AS. Relationships between Fishing Pressure and Stock Structure in Queen Conch (Lobatus gigas) Populations: Synthesis of Long-Term Surveys and Evidence for Over- fishing in The Bahamas. Rev Fish Sci Aquac. 2019; 27(1):51–71. 13. Karpov KA, Haaker PL, Taniguchi IK, Rogers-Bennett L. Serial depletion and the collapse of the Cali- fornia abalone (Haliotis spp.) fishery. In: Campbell A, editor. Workshop on Rebuilding Abalone Stocks in British Columbia. Can. Spec. Publ. Fish. Aquat. Sci.; 2000. p. 11–24.

14. Byrne M, Ho M, Wong E, Soars NA, Selvakumaraswamy P, Shepard-Brennand H, et al. Unshelled abalone and corrupted urchins: development of marine calcifiers in a changing ocean. Proc R Soc B. 2011; 278:2376–83. https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2010.2404 PMID: 21177689 15. Van Aalst MK. The impacts of climate change on the risk of natural disasters. Disasters. 2006; 30 (1):5–18. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9523.2006.00303.x PMID: 16512858 16. Holm P. History of marine animal populations: A global research program of the Census of marine life. Oceanol Acta. 2002; 25(5):207–11. 17. Cock JM, Scornet D, Coelho S, Charrier B, Boyen C, Peters AF. Marine Genomics and the Exploration of Marine Biodiversity. In: Duarte CM, editor. The Exploration of Marine Biodiversity—Scientific and Technical Challenges. Bilbao: Fundacio´n, BBVA; 2006. p. 117–39. 18. Hughes TP. Catastrophes, phase shifts, and large-scale degradation of a Caribbean coral reef. Sci- ence (80-). 1994; 265:1547–51. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.265.5178.1547 PMID: 17801530 19. Fro¨licher TL, Fischer EM, Gruber N. Marine heatwaves under global warming. Nature. 2018; 560:360– 4. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0383-9 PMID: 30111788 20. Filbee-Dexter K, Scheibling RE. Sea urchin barrens as alternative stable states of collapsed kelp eco- systems. Mar Ecol Prog Ser. 2014; 495:1–25. 21. Rogers-Bennett L, Catton CA. Marine heat wave and multiple stressors tip bull kelp forest to sea urchin barrens. Sci Rep. 2019; 9(15050):1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-51114-y PMID: 31636286

22. Johnson CR, Ling SD, Ross DJ, Shepherd S, Miller KJ. Establishment of the long-spined sea urchin (Centrostephanus rodgersii) in Tasmania: first assessment of potential threats to fisheries. Final Repo. Hobart, Tasmania, Australia: School of Zoology and Tasmanian Aquaculture and Fisheries Institute; 2005. 1–82 p. 23. Ling SD, Barrett NS, Edgar GJ. Facilitation of Australia’s southernmost reef-building coral by sea urchin herbivory. Coral Reefs. 2018; 37:1053–73. 24. Harvell D. Ocean Outbreak: Confronting the Rising Tide of Marine Disease. University of California Press; 2019. 179 p. 25. Tracy AM, Pielmeier ML, Yoshioka RM, Heron SF, Harvell CD. Increases and decreases in marine dis- ease reports in an era of global change. Proc R Soc B. 2019; 286:20191718. https://doi.org/10.1098/ rspb.2019.1718 PMID: 31594507 26. Haaker PL, Rlchards D V., Friedman CS, Davls GE, Parker DO, Togstad H. Mass mortality and wither- ing syndrome in black abalone, Haliotis cracherodii, In California. In: Shepherd SA, Tegner MJJ, Guz- man del Proo SA, editors. Abalone of the world: biology, fisheries and culture: proceedings of the 1st International Symposium on Abalone. University Press, Cambridge; 1992. p. 214–24. 27. Lenton TM, Rockstro¨m J, Gaffney O, Rahmstorf S, Richardson K, Steffen W, et al. Climate tipping points—too risky to bet against. Nature. 2019; 575:592–5. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-019-03595- 0 PMID: 31776487 28. Heinze C, Blenckner T, Martins H, Rusiecka D, Do¨scher R, Gehlen M, et al. The quiet crossing of

ocean tipping points. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2021; 118(9):9 e2008478118. https://doi.org/10.1073/ pnas.2008478118 PMID: 33619085 PLOS ONE Abalones at risk: A global Red List assessment of Haliotis PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0309384 December 23, 2024 21 / 25