Use of instructional videos in leadership education in higher education under COVID-19: A qualitative study

References 1. Dumford AD, Miller AL. Online learning in higher education: Exploring advantages and disadvantages for engagement. J Comput High Educ. 2018; 30:452–465. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12528-018-9179-z 2. Giannakos MN. Exploring the video-based learning research: A review of the literature. Br J Educ Technol. 2013; 44(6):E191–E195. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12070 3. Poquet O, Lim L, Mirriahi N, Dawson S. Video and learning: A systematic review (2007–2017). LAK’18: International Conference on Learning Analytics and Knowledge; 2018 March 7–9; Sydney, NSW, Australia. New York, NY, U.S.A.: ACM; 2018. https://doi.org/10.1145/3170358.3170376 4. Reimers F, Schleicher A, Saavedra J, Tuominen S. Supporting the continuation of teaching and learn- ing during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Organisation for Economic Co-Operation and Development, Paris, 2020. https://www.oecd.org/education/Supporting-the-continuation-of-teaching-and-learning- during-the-COVID-19-pandemic.pdf (accessed 2023-06-01). 5. Zhu X, Liu J. Education in and after Covid-19: Immediate responses and long-term visions. Postdigit Sci Educ. 2020; 2:695–699. https://doi.org/10.1007/s42438-020-00126-3 6. Edwards AAH. From novel to necessary: COVID-19 and the Kairos of bringing technology into the communication class-room. In: Valenzano JM III, editor. Post-pandemic pedagogy: A paradigm shift. Lanham, MD, U.S.A.: Lexington Books; 2023. p. 37–56. 7. Rapanta C, Botturi L, Goodyear P, Guàrdia L, Koole M. Balancing technology, pedagogy and the new

normal: Post-pandemic challenges for higher education. Postdigit Sci Educ. 2021; 3:715–742. https:// doi.org/10.1007/s42438-021-00249-1 8. Rodriguez-Paz MX, Gonzalez-Mendivil JA, Zarate-Garcia JA, Zamora-Hernandez I, Nolazco-Flores JA. A hybrid teaching model for engineering courses suitable for pandemic conditions. IEEE Revista Iberoamericana De Tecnologı´as Del Aprendizaje. 2021; 16(3):267–275. https://doi.org/10.1109/RITA. 2021.3122893 9. Singh J, Steele K, Singh L. Combining the best of online and face-to-face learning: Hybrid and blended learning approach for COVID-19, post vaccine, & post-pandemic world. Journal of Educational Tech- nology Systems. 2021; 50(2):140–171. https://doi.org/10.1177/00472395211047865 10. Nduagbo KC. Online education past, current, and future. In: Association Management, Resources Information, editor. Research anthology on remote teaching and learning and the future of online edu- cation. Hershey, PA, U.S.A.: IGI Global; 2023. p. 1–16. https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-7540-9 11. Sablić M, Mirosavljević A, Sˇ kugor A. Video-based learning (VBL)—past, present and future: An over- view of the research published from 2008 to 2019. Tech Know Learn. 2021; 26:1061–1077. https://doi. org/10.1007/s10758-020-09455-5 12. Yousef AMF, Chatti MA, Schroeder U. The state of video-based learning: A review and future perspec- tives. Int J Adv Life Sci. 2014; 6(3&4):122–135. 13. Collado-Valero J, Rodrı´guez-Infante G, Romero-Gonza´ lez M, Gamboa-Ternero S, Navarro-Soria I,

Lavigne-Cerva´n R. Flipped classroom: Active methodology for sustainable learning in higher educa- tion during social distancing due to COVID-19. Sustainability. 2021; 13(10):5336. https://doi.org/10. 3390/su13105336 14. Reychav I, Wu D. Mobile collaborative learning: The role of individual learning in groups through text and video content delivery in tablets. Comput Human Behav. 2015; 50:520–534. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.chb.2015.04.019 15. Wang Y-H. Could a mobile-assisted learning system support flipped classrooms for classical Chinese learning?: Mobile-assisted learning system. J Comput Assist Learn. 2016; 32(5):391–415. https://doi. org/10.1111/jcal.12141 16. Wikandari R, Putro AW, Suroto DA, Purwandari FA, Setyaningsih W. Combining a flipped learning approach and an animated video to improve first-year undergraduate students’ understanding of elec- tron transport chains in a biochemistry course. J Chem Educ. 2021; 98:2236–2242. https://doi.org/10. 1021/acs.jchemed.0c01477 17. Shek DTL. COVID-19 and quality of life: Twelve reflections. Appl Res Qual Life. 2021; 16:1–11. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-020-09898-z PMID: 33425064 18. Shek DTL, Leung JTY, Tan L. Social policies and theories on quality of life under COVID-19: In search of the missing links. Appl Res Qual Life. 2023. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-023-10147-2 PMID: 36855587 19. Shek DTL, Li X, Yu L, Lin L, Chen Y. Evaluation of electronic service-learning (e-service-learning) proj- ects in main-land China under COVID-19. Appl Res Qual Life. 2022; 17:3175–3198. https://doi.org/10.

1007/s11482-022-10058-8 PMID: 35600112 PLOS ONE Qualitative evaluation of virtual teaching and learning videos in leadership education PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0291861 September 21, 2023 23 / 28