Effect of climate change on hematotoxicity/hepatoxicity oxidative stress, Oncorhynchus mykiss, under controlled conditions

RESEARCH ARTICLE Effect of climate change on hematotoxicity/ hepatoxicity oxidative stress, Oncorhynchus mykiss, under controlled conditions Gonca AlakID1*, Fatma Betu¨ l O¨ zgeriş2, Arzu Uc¸ ar3, Veysel Parlak4, Esat Mahmut Kocaman3, Sinan O¨ zcan3, Muhammed Atamanalp3 1 Department of Seafood Processing, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatu¨rk University, Erzurum, Turkiye, 2 Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Atatu¨rk University, Erzurum, Turkiye, 3 Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatu¨rk University, Erzurum, Turkiye, 4 Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Fisheries, Atatu¨rk University, Erzurum, Turkiye * galak@atauni.edu.tr Abstract Described as the ’main ecological factor’, temperature, strongly affects the physiological stress responses of fish. In order to evaluate the effects of temperature variations on fish culture and food value chain, the present study was designed as a climate change model. Furthermore, the present study provides a theoretical basis for a better understanding of the mechanisms of the environmentally induced changes. In this direction, we examined the blood physiology and oxidative stress responses induced by temperature variation in the rainbow trout, a temperature-sensitive cold-water fish. The obtained results showed that cli- mate changes promoted the inhibited activities’ expressions and the development of poten- tial tissue and hematological defense mechanisms against temperature-induced toxic damage. This study showed that climate change could be a subset of the studies on the

stress physiology in aquaculture, which can be developed for new experimental designs and research collaborations. Furthermore, it highlights knowledge gaps to guide future research in this emerging field. 1. Introduction In the effort to meet the food needs of a growing population, the impacts on the environment and the effects of environmental factors on food production stand out as issues that require urgent measures. Increasing demand for food, especially animal protein sources and aquacul- ture products, is being felt to a significant extent [1]. However, environmental changes (e.g. climate change, droughts, floods, widespread forest fires) have also led to major crop crisis. This is why food security, ending poverty and promot- ing sustainability are the main objectives of the UN’s 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Develop- ment Goals. Aquaculture plays an important role in achieving these goals [1–3]. Recent studies reported that increasing the consumption of seafood in diets could be a solution to meet pro- tein requirements and support human and environmental health. Achieving these goals requires not only increasing food production, but also following best animal husbandry PLOS ONE PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0294656 November 30, 2023 1 / 13 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 a1111111111 OPEN ACCESS Citation: Alak G, O¨ zgeriş FB, Uc¸ar A, Parlak V, Kocaman EM, O¨ zcan S, et al. (2023) Effect of climate change on hematotoxicity/hepatoxicity oxidative stress, Oncorhynchus mykiss, under controlled conditions. PLoS ONE 18(11):

e0294656. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal. pone.0294656 Editor: Mohamed Abdel-Daim, Suez Canal University, EGYPT Received: August 6, 2023 Accepted: November 6, 2023 Published: November 30, 2023 Copyright: © 2023 Alak et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. Data Availability Statement: All relevant data are within the paper. Funding: The authors received no specific funding for this work. Competing interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.