Climate change and spatio-temporal trend analysis of climate extremes in the homogeneous climatic zones of Pakistan during 1962-2019

glacier melt water particularly in summer, therefore, the climate change assessment can indi- cate indirect signals for water availability. In addition, climate extremes can provide guidelines to policy makers and relevant stakeholder for future climate trends and meltwater resources in the country. 6. Conclusions During DJF and MAM, average temperature increased in all climate zones. A decreasing trend during JJA in zone 1, 3, 4 and during SON in zones 1 and 2 were noted in the average tempera- ture. Precipitation indicated mixed trend in different zones. Mann-Kendal test indicated trend in maximum and minimum temperature except zone-4 where the maximum temperature has no trend. On the average, CWDs increased in all zones except in zone 3 where it decreased. The number of SU25 increased in all climate zone except zone 4. Fig 11. Station-wise climate extremes related to temperature for each climatic zone and two independent time duration in Karakoram region. Each color has specific meaning and given with Fig 12. Note: The colors represent different status for each extreme mentioned in these figures. Green color shows no changes. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271626.g011 PLOS ONE Climate change and extremes analysis using observed data (1962-2019) over Pakistan PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0271626 July 27, 2022 21 / 27