Steps to build a DIY low-cost fixed-wing drone for biodiversity conservation

22. Jones GP Iv, Pearlstine LG, Percival HF. An Assessment of Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Wild- life Research. Wildlife Society Bulletin. 2006; 34:3. 23. Hassanalian M, Abdelkefi A. Classifications, applications, and design challenges of drones: A review. Progress in Aerospace Sciences. 2017 May; 91:99–131. 24. Baliarda AG (Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Escola Tècnica Superior d’Enginyeries Industrial I Aeronàutica de Terrasa, Barcelona, Catalunya). Study of the viability of a glider drone for the return of experiments carried by weather ballons. Report. 2015 Jun. 25. Watts AC, Ambrosia VG, Hinkley EA. Unmanned Aircraft Systems in Remote Sensing and Scientific Research: Classification and Considerations of Use. Remote Sensing. 2012; 4(6):1671–1692. 26. Gitelson AA, Kaufman YJ, Stark R, Rundquist D. Novel algorithms for remote estimation of vegetation fraction. Remote Sensing of Environment. 2002; 80:76–87. 27. Brucas D, Suziedelyte-Visockiene J, Ragauskas U, Berteska E, Rudinskas D. Implementation and test- ing of low-cost UAV plataform for orthophoto imaging. ISPRS—International Archives of the Photo- grammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences. 2013;55–59. 28. Wing MG, Burnett J, Johnson S, Akay AE, Sessions J. A Low-cost Unmanned Aerial System for Remote Sensing of Forested Landscapes. International Journal of Remote Sensing Applications. 2014; 4(3):113. 29. Tang L, Shao G. Drone remote sensing for forestry research and practices. Journal of Forest Research. 2015; 26(4):791–797.

30. Alexander C, Korstjens AH, Hankinson E, Usher G, Harrison N, Nowak MG, et al. Locating emergent trees in a tropical rainforest using data from an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV). International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. 2018; 72:86–90. 31. Vermeulen C, Lejeune P, Lisein J, Sawadogo P, Bouche´ P. Unmanned Aerial Survey of Elephants. PLoS ONE. 2013; 8(2). https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0054700 PMID: 23405088 32. Klink CA, Machado RB. Conservation of the Brazilian Cerrado. Conservation Biology. 2005; 19(3):707– 713. 33. Sawyer D, Mesquita B, Coutinho B, Vaz de Almeida F, Figueiredo I, et al. Perfil do ecossistema hotspot de biodiversidade do cerrado: relato´ rio completo. Belo Horizonte (MG): Supernova; 2017. 280 p. 34. Park S, Lee H, Chon J. Sustainable monitoring coverage of unmanned aerial vehicle photogrammetry according to wing type and image resolution. Environmental Pollution. 2019; 247:340–348. https://doi. org/10.1016/j.envpol.2018.08.050 PMID: 30690230 35. Diniz CG, Souza AADA, Santos DC, Dias MC, Da Luz NC, De Moraes DRV, et al. DETER-B: The New Amazon Near Real-Time Deforestation Detection System. IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing. 2015; 8(7):3619–3628. 36. Casado M, Gonzalez R, Kriechbaumer T, Veal A. Automated Identification of River Hydromorphological Features Using UAV High Resolution Aerial Imagery. Sensors. 2015; 15(11):27969–27989. https://doi. org/10.3390/s151127969 PMID: 26556355

37. Papakonstantinou A, Topouzelis K, Pavlogeorgatos G. Coastline Zones Identification and 3D Coastal Mapping Using UAV Spatial Data. ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information. 2016; 5(6):1–14. 38. Gonc¸alves G, Andriolo U, Pinto L, Duarte D. Mapping marine litter with Unmanned Aerial Systems: A showcase comparison among manual image screening and machine learning techniques. Marine Pollu- tion Bulletin. 2020; 155:111158. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2020.111158 PMID: 32310099 39. Michez A, Pie´ gay H, Jonathan L, Claessens H, Lejeune P. Mapping of riparian invasive species with supervised classification of Unmanned Aerial System (UAS) imagery. International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation. 2016; 44:88–94. 40. Aniceto AS, Biuw M, Lindstrøm U, Solbø SA, Broms F, Carroll J. Monitoring marine mammals using unmanned aerial vehicles: quantifying detection certainty. Ecosphere. 2018; 9(3):e02122. PLOS ONE Building a DIY low-cost fixed-wing drone for biodiversity conservation PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255559 August 13, 2021 17 / 17