Overtopping risk of high-hazard embankment dam under climate change condition

consequences based on downscaled GCM simulations. Table 1 summarizes the 16 climate model by driving GCM provided by the Malaysian National Water Research Organisation (NAHRIM) for this study. Fig 1. Study area, Batu Dam, Selangor. Batu Dam located at upstream Klang River legend in Blue Line, and located at upper part of Sg Batu Catchment in Red Line, The Batu Dam reservoir area filled with Blue. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0311181.g001 Fig 2. Shows the Batu Dam catchment boundary and rainfall station locations. 2 station: Station Kg Sg Tua and Station Air Terjun located within the Batu Dam catchment, while another 2 station Station Genting Sempah and Station Ibu Bekalan KM 16 Gombak located outside the Batu Dam Catchment. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0311181.g002 PLOS ONE Climate change PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0311181 February 27, 2025 5 / 32