Overtopping risk of high-hazard embankment dam under climate change condition

Fig 15. Historical peak inflow design flood at Batu Dam. Flow hydrographs showing peak discharge for ranging from 5 ARI to 100,000 ARI and the Probable Maximum Flood (PMF), illustrating the increase in peak flow with higher ARIs and extreme events. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0311181.g015 Fig 16. RCP4.5 early century peak inflow design flood at Batu Dam. Flow hydrographs showing peak discharge for ranging from 5 ARI to 100,000 ARI and the Probable Maximum Flood (PMF), illustrating the increase in peak flow with higher ARIs and extreme events. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0311181.g016 PLOS ONE Climate change PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0311181 February 27, 2025 24 / 32