One hundred years of climate change in Mexico

much of these inhomogeneities are due to climatic or non-climatic factors requires further investigation. Regardless, it is likely that non-climatic variations may have influenced to some extent the observed changes between these periods. Consequently, these non-climatic varia- tions also increase uncertainty in ecological studies [75]; hence, additional sources, such as remote sensing-based climate products can be used to reduce uncertainty, e.g., [76]. Second, climate surfaces for t1-1940 were interpolated for a longer period but with fewer weather stations, thus are more uncertain than the climate surfaces for the other two periods [17,40]. We advise caution when using the surfaces from this period. Finally, there is a geo- graphical bias in the location of weather stations in the three periods, since density of stations was higher in or nearby human settlements and lower in remote locations, some of which can be important for biodiversity analyses [74,77]. This geographical bias has implications in the spatial structure of error and uncertainty, particularly in areas with low station density [75], where scarcity of stations impedes to capture the effect of terrain complexity in climate vari- ability [78]. Considering all these limitations in the data used for the construction of the cli- matic surfaces, the use of them and the interpretation of the results should be made with caution. Supporting information S1 File. ANUSPLIN statistics and additional spatial distribution of climate data. This file

contains the http of a kmz with the distribution of weather stations across Mexico and ANUS- PLIN statistics. We also included results of the Pettitt test for change-point detection in precip- itation, maximum and minimum temperature stations, and three figures that describe the frequency distribution of the detected breakpoints years. Finally, we share a map showing extremes of warming. (DOCX) Acknowledgments We thank the Servicio Meteorolo´gico Nacional (SMN) for providing data from weather sta- tions. We also thank the Comisio´n Nacional para el Conocimiento y Uso de la Biodiversidad (CONABIO) for serve as the repository of the climate surfaces developed in this study. Caro- lina Ureta thanks Catedras-Conacyt for its support. Comments of three anonymous referees are gratefully acknowledged. Author Contributions Conceptualization: Angela P. Cuervo-Robayo. Data curation: Angela P. Cuervo-Robayo, Miguel A. Go´mez-Albores, Anny K. Meneses- Mosquera. Formal analysis: Angela P. Cuervo-Robayo, Enrique Martı´nez-Meyer. Funding acquisition: Angela P. Cuervo-Robayo, Oswaldo Te´llez-Valde´s, Enrique Martı´nez- Meyer. Investigation: Angela P. Cuervo-Robayo, Carolina Ureta, Miguel A. Go´mez-Albores, Oswaldo Te´llez-Valde´s, Enrique Martı´nez-Meyer. Methodology: Angela P. Cuervo-Robayo, Miguel A. Go´mez-Albores, Anny K. Meneses-Mos- quera, Enrique Martı´nez-Meyer. Project administration: Angela P. Cuervo-Robayo, Enrique Martı´nez-Meyer. PLOS ONE Historical climate change in Mexico PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209808 July 16, 2020 15 / 19