One hundred years of climate change in Mexico

of the country, at the highest peaks of the Eje Neovolca´nico province: Popocate´petl, Iztaccı´- huatl and Nevado de Toluca volcanoes. Negative changes for the minimum temperature occurred mainly in Yucata´n, Los Altos de Chiapas and Pete´n provinces (Fig 5). Finally, we identified a consistent increase in Bio 05 in the California, Baja California, Sonorense, Del Cabo, and Altiplano Norte provinces throughout the century (Fig 5). Discussion Climate change is currently the environmental issue of greatest concern worldwide, thus extensive research efforts are underway. Surprisingly, there are very few formal evaluations of historical climate change effects on biodiversity [21]. For this purpose, historical climate inter- polations have proven useful to analyze climate variation during the recent past and its effects on biodiversity and agrobiodiversity [21,62]. Here, we developed historic climate interpolated Fig 3. Seasonal change of maximum (♦) and minimum (bars) temperature from t1-1940 to t2-1970 (Δt1-t2) and from t2-1970 to t3-2000 (Δt2-t3) in the biogeographic provinces of Mexico. Negative values indicate a decrease in temperature from the previous period and positive values indicate an increase. DB: Depresio´n del Balsas, SMOr: Sierra Madre Oriental, DC: Del Cabo, C: California, Sse: Sonorense, SMOcc: Sierra Madre Occidental; AN: Altiplano Norte, T: Tamaulipeca, BC: Baja California, CP: Costa del Pacı´fico, AS: Altiplano Sur, EN: Eje Neovolca´nico, GM: Golfo de Me´xico, O: Oaxaca, Y: Yucata´n, P: Pete´n, AC: Altos de Chiapas, Ssc: Soconusco, and

SMS: Sierra Madre del Sur. Stations used were not corrected for inhomogeneities and densities vary between periods, especially between t1-1940 to t2-1970. Biogeographic provinces reprinted from [57] under a CC BY license, with permission from [CONABIO], original copyright [1997]. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209808.g003 PLOS ONE Historical climate change in Mexico PLOS ONE | https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0209808 July 16, 2020 10 / 19